No. 400.] REVIEWS OF RECENT LITERATURE. 317 
other country were more than superficially known, as witness the 
large number of new and previously unsuspected forms that have 
come to light through careful and systematic collecting in even the 
longest settled parts of the United States. 
Not the least interesting part of Mr. Miller’s paper is his historical 
summary of the work thus far accomplished in making known the 
mammalian life of New York State, in which he traces the gradual 
advance of our knowledge of the subject from 1842 to the present 
time. During the forty years immediately following the publication 
of DeKay’s work only three species were added to the list of the 
state, while eighteen have been added during the last ten years. 
The total number of known New York mammals has been raised 
from fifty-six in 1842! to eighty-one in 1899, while doubtless others 
still remain to be added by further research. These additions are 
mentioned in chronological order, and also shown by a tabular 
arrangement. ‘Thirty-one species have been described and named 
from New York specimens, of which twenty are now regarded as 
synonyms of previously described species. The type localities of 
all are given on account of their interest from the point of view of 
systematic zodlogy. 
he eighty-one species and subspecies listed by Mr. Miller include 
eight cetaceans, two seals, and three introduced species of Old World 
rats and mice. Deducting these leaves sixty-eight species of strictly 
indigenous land mammals known as inhabitants of the state. In some 
six or seven instances increase in the total number of forms is due to 
the recognition of subspecies, two forms being recognized as occurring 
within the state instead of one, as in DeKay’s time, as in the case of 
the red squirrel, chipmunk, flying squirrel, red-backed mouse, cotton- 
tail (three forms instead of one), mink, etc. Lumping these, as was 
formerly done, would reduce the number of New York mammals to 
about seventy-three as against the fifty-six known to DeKay. 
In other words, the twenty-four additions to DeKay’s list include 
sixteen species and eight subspecies, the latter being in most cases 
covered by DeKay’s names. 
The faunal areas, or “ life zones ” of the state, are considered at. 
length, from the point of view of birds and plants as well as mam- 
mals. Following this is the list proper. Under each species are 
cited the authorities for the names adopted, and all the principal 
references to the species as New York animals. The text under 
each species is so arranged and subdivided as to give (1) the type 
1 DeKay gave sixty-five, but nine of these have proved invalid. 
