334 THE AMERICAN NATURALIST.  [Vor. XXXIV. 
by Dr. Willey. He lists a total of thirty-one good species, belonging 
four to Bonellia, four to Echiurus, one each to Hamingia and Sac- 
cosoma, and twenty-one to Thalassema, for which genus a good 
analytical key is given. .From the geographical distribution some 
interesting points are excerpted. Bonellia favors warmer or temper- 
ate waters; Echiurus, colder regions in both hemispheres, without 
known species in connecting regions ; Hamingia and Saccosoma are 
both northern forms. Of Thalassema the only species found outside 
of tropical and subtropical seas occur at points under the direct 
influence of the Gulf Stream. | 
A gape worm, Syngamus, has been reported by Railliet (Compt. 
Rend. Soc. Biol, March 4, 1899), which, like that recorded by von 
Linstow (Amer. Nat, Vol. XXXIII, p. 903), infests herbivorous 
mammals; it appears to be common in Annam cattle, but, unlike its 
avian congeners, harmless. 3 
The rhynchodzal glands of Tetrarhynchus have been subjected to 
a careful study by Pintner.! These glands, which correspond to the 
greater part of the structures interpreted by Lang as rudimentary 
salivary glands, stand in close relation to the probosces, that is, to 
organs which are peculiar to a well-circumscribed group of animals 
aberrant in character. Their distribution, form, and chemical reac- 
tion show them to be most closely related to the cephalic glands of 
nemertines. They are neither cystogenic, nor mucous glands, and 
no evidence was found as to their real function. 
Simondsia paradoxa, the extraordinary nematode described by 
Cobbold, has been found again by von Ratz (Zeitschr. f. Thiermed., 
Bd. III, pp. 322—329), whose brief report covers chiefly pathological 
data I 
A ee on the Strongylide adds another to the valuable 
series of taxonomic summaries on groups of parasites, published by 
Stossich. An analytical key to the subfamilies and genera is fol- 
lowed by descriptions of the species. The references to the litera- 
ture on each species are particularly full, but the nomenclature is 
open to some criticism. A comprehensive list of hosts and a good 
index, including "m add much to the usefulness of the 
paper. 
1 Pintner, Th. Die His eo agate der Tetrarhynchen. Ard. Zool. Inst. 
Wien, Bd. xii, pp. 1-24, 3 plates, 
2 Stossich, M. Strongylide. ae monografico. Bull. Soc. Adriat. Sci. 
Nat. Trieste, vol. xix, pp. 55-152, 1899. 
