690 THE AMERICAN NATURALIST. [Vor. XXXIV. 
in Cameruns, Victoria; the other, Phyllomedusa iheringii, in 
the province of Rio Grande, Brazil In both cases hatched 
tadpoles have been seen, moving with considerable freedom, in 
the frothy mass in which the eggs are laid. The nest of the 
Phyllomedusa has an inferior opening over the water. It is 
believed that the tadpoles of Chiromantis are washed off the 
leaves by rain. Tadpoles, hatched in confinement, at first swam 
in the gelatinous substance which liquefied about them, and 
being transferred to water, they lived and developed. The 
account of Chiromantis opens with an exclamation on the 
remarkable character of the metamorphosis of the frog, and 
yet the tadpoles are described as having a “ rudder-tail, a 
clump of gills, etc., just like an ordinary tadpole," and they 
«developed (in water) in the usual way." 
The little Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis, in Paraguay, selects 
for the deposition of its eggs a single leaf on a plant near à 
pool, or over it, not more than two feet above the water. The 
female carries the male, until a suitable leaf is found ; then 
both frogs hold the tip of the leaf together with their hind 
legs, and in the funnel thus formed the eggs are deposited, 
the frogs moving up the leaf as the bottom is filled. One pair 
of frogs may make two nests with about 100 eggs in each. 
The eggs contain much yolk and measure 2 mm. in diameter. 
If put into water, the eggs die, but develop if they are simply 
kept moist. The tadpoles hatch and escape from the leaf into 
the water after six days ; if the nest has not been directly WE 
the pool, the tadpoles may move (assisted by a jumping motion) 
several inches along the ground during a shower. 
Segmentation is holoblastic, but not very regular ; 
topore closes and a new anus is formed. The embryo at first 
lies flat upon the yolk, but before the yolk is absorbed the 
embryo is modeled high up upon it, and the head and tail are 
entirely separate from it. The yolk is covered by a plexus of 
vitelline veins. 
Three visceral pouches, the rst, 2d, and 3d branchial, vais 
formed, and external gills appear first on the Ist branchial 
arch and later on the 2d. The first pair grow rapidly and 
soon become very long; branched filaments; the second pair 
the blas- 
