No. 405.] THE INTESTINE OF AMIA CALVA. 719 
. appearance is presented. Between and about the network with 
the few isolated villi, which altogether form a rather loose 
meshwork, are much lower and much smaller villi or folds. 
These are not easily seen, because of the overshadowing higher 
folds and villi, and, in some specimens, seem to be altogether 
absent. Some of these lower, smaller folds are joined to the 
higher ones. 
In one of the intestines examined there were, in one or two 
instances, clumps of folds in very close contact, almost cemented 
together in one mass; in other places the folds in little groups 
were in close contact when the intestine was not especially 
distended, but these, unlike the case just cited, could be sepa- 
rated from each other without tearing. In many cases folds 
are joined together in the form of a small ring or rather large 
crypt, not completely closed on one side; but in at least one 
case a complete ring or crypt was formed by the folds. There 
are comparatively few projections or villi which are completely 
separated from all about them, although in many cases the 
place where they unite with others may be of so little extent 
that it is easily overlooked. 
The tendency of the folds, as well as the arrangement of the 
larger villi, seems to be fully as great toward a transverse as to 
a longitudinal direction. The higher villi begin at the pylorus 
with a height of about .8 mm., and at about the central portion 
or last portion of the first part of the intestine a height of 
about 3.5 mm. to 3.8 mm. may be reached; after this the folds 
and villi become gradually shorter caudad. 
Nearer the pylorus folds can be more easily made out than 
a short distance below, because at first the folds are not so 
deeply indented on the free edges as farther down ; they are 
also more numerous near the pylorus, that is, less split up into 
villi, With that part of the intestine a little above the first 
turn, the folds are more of them deeply split, and there are 
also numerous large villi, such as 3 mm. long by 1.2 mm. broad. 
The thickness of the folds and villi is about .2 mm., being in 
shape thin, plate-like, or leaf-like. 
Below the first turn the folds are lower and appear a little 
more evenly placed, forming more of a continuous network of 
