No. 405.] STUDIES IN CRANIAL VARIA TION. 739 
instances, to complete occlusion of the external auditory 
meatus. Dr. Whitney has called attention to the fact that 
when one lip only of the tympanic ring is affected, it is com- 
monly the inferior. 
Frontoparietal. —To economize space I have combined some 
of the characters in the tables; the somewhat rare anomaly 
known as the frontoparietal (Figs. 4, 5) may be placed here for 
convenience. 
TYMPANIC EXOSTOSES. FRONTOPARIETAL. 
Number. Percentage. Number. ema © 
BINE o. 5. sS s 5I o 52 19 
pee eed ... 64 o 64 8 
FED |. 58 5.2 57 n 
Ohioand Tennessee . . . 456 15.1 468 de 
eee . . .. 22 o 22 - 
EMEND S ss 158 I.2 159 ve 
Miscellaneous. . . . . . 66 3- 62 1.6 
Mabe a a s” 47 8.5 52 T 
port Amena oo. . 865 9.2 884 7 
Peru (Ancon, Arica) ete: . . 447 5-4 449 -* 
EN uuo no 1312 7-9 1333 ‘S 
Parietal Foramina.— As these foramina are exceedingly 
variable, statistics relating to them, while difficult to procure, 
should be of considerable interest. Observations were made 
to determine whether any significance attached to their occur- 
rence on the one side or the other, but as none appeared I 
have disregarded this in the table; “ present" may mean on 
one side or on both. Owing to the fact that the foramina are 
frequently present, yet of extremely small size, and that the 
condition of many skulls obscures this character, it was found to 
be almost impossible to obtain accurate data. However, the 
table Will be found to be very nearly correct. Enlarged foram- 
Ina were discovered in only one group — three cases among 
crania from the aboriginal cemetery at Madisonville, Ohio. 
Epactal Bone. — ]t is difficult to tabulate the variations 
Occurring in the size and shape of supernumerary occipital 
