REVIEWS OF RECENT LITERATURE. 
GENERAL BIOLOGY. 
Woods Holl Lectures for 1899.! 
drift of affairs at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Holl 
can be found than that contained in the volume of lectures for the 
past year. The growing interest in the station as a botanical center 
is shown in the fact that, while in 1898 no botanical lectures were 
published, in the past year one-fourth of the lectures are by 
botanists. D. H. Campbell spoke on the evolutions of the sporo- 
phyte in the higher plants; the importance of fossil plants was 
emphasized by D. P. Penhallow ; and D. T. Macdougal discussed 
some factors in distribution and the signifigance of mycorrhizas. 
Animal psychology was represented by two lectures by E. Thorn- 
dike, one on instinct, and the other on associative processes in 
animals, and by a lecture by H. S. Jennings, on the behavior of 
unicellular organisms. ‘ Some Governing Factors usually neglected 
in Biological Investigations," by A. Hyatt, and “The Aims of the 
Quantitative Study of Variation," by C. B. Davenport, were both con- 
tributions to the field of general biology. Physiology was repre- 
sented by A. Mathews's paper on the physiology of secretion and 
J. Loeb's interesting contribution on the nature of fertilization, while 
from the experimental standpoint T. H. Morgan's lecture on regen- 
eration is of importance. Cytology, which heretofore has been para- 
mount, was represented by only two papers: “ Nuclear Division in 
Protozoa," by G. N. Calkins, and * The Significance of the Spiral 
Type of Cleavage," by C. M. Child. Other interesting lectures were 
one on blind-fishes, by C. H. Eigenmann, and one on the develop- 
ment of color in moths and butterflies, by A. G. Mayer. The series 
of lectures, taken as a whole, shows an unusually well-balanced devel- 
opment of biological interests. P. 
Animal and Plant Colors. — Color in nature has been made the 
Subject of an interesting volume of some 350 pages, by Marion I. 
! Biological Lectures from the Marine Laboratory, Woods Holl, Mass., 1899. 
Boston, Ginn & Company, 1900. 282 pp. 
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