786 THE AMERICAN NATURALIST. [Vor. XXXIV. 
shaft is, however, entirely interrupted in the middle portion; 
distally it is fitted to the roundér posterior portion of the shaft 
of metatarsal II, demonstrating that it was directed inward 
like the small hallux of Apteryx; unlike this bird, however, 
Fic. 5. — Hind foot of bird (Apteryx). Internal view of right 
tibiotarsus and pes. After Osborn. 
Megalosaurus possessed a complete and functional phalanx and 
claw upon the hallux, which undoubtedly were of service in 
grasping, as in carnivorous birds. 
IV. Avian RESEMBLANCES IN OUvADRUPEDAL DINOSAURS. 
It will be noted that all the resemblances above recorded 
relate exclusively to the bipedal bird-footed carnivorous and 
herbivorous dinosaurs, namely, to the Megalosauria and Iguano- 
dontia. The resemblances pointed out below refer to the 
entirely distinct group of Cetiosauria or Sauropoda, which, in 
contrast, are quadrupedal and reptile-footed. 
In describing Camarasaurus, Osborn (98, p. 220) directed 
attention to the resemblance between the cervicals and anterior 
