112 
The actual saving to India has, therefore, bee very great, and the 
eapital €— E the plantations (about l1 lakhs of rupees) has been 
covered severa 
repon cium of red bark trees in the Sikkim plantation, 
ached d M 
while he was attached to it, naturally induce Woo give his 
t utilization of their bark. But by nom 
he quinine barks. these barks only one,— Calisaya and 
ts variety Ledg $a eR y thrives in Sikkim, the Crown bark, or 
inali having mparative failure. 
e many experiments in the manufacture of pure sulphate 
ofc quinine ; cis. up to the time of his retirement, for private reasons, 
the s Government in 1879, he had not succeeded in 
is in dun efüeieuit process. Mr. Wood was of opinion that good 
ine barks could be grown in Sikkim, and that it might be possible to 
extract the quinine from them on the a Dr. 
rintendent of the plantation, was very strongly of this opinion, and 
all effect, has, however, been given to it of recent years, and succirubra 
pie been supplanted by Calisaya to the extent of about a million trees. 
; roce 
tried ; ; but, after much experiment,it was in turn abandoned. During a 
visit which he paid to Holland in 1884, Dr. King acquired some hints as 
toa process of extraction by means of oil. And now, benefiting by the 
advice of some chemical friends, Mr. Gammie has been able to perfect 
this. dese with the result that the whole of the quinine in yellow bark 
i form undistinguishable, either Mo eed or 
om the best brands of European manufacture. This can 
- ed that, as long as the sare of bark is kept up, 
never cost. Government ment much above 25 rupees per pound. 
the moment, qu is o 
ha Hie: il i in nee gone, that South A: 
dri! of the market. EI. 
is no 
igen os ; 
n the 
P RE are via. io Dr. "i and is : 
Mr. Ma Ee the patie 
t 
