198 LECTURE VI. 



The only European species is the A. Garrulus, or 

 Bohemian Chatterer of the older writers j it is a 

 native of many parts of Europe, and is an occa- 

 sional visitant in our own country. It is of a 

 beautiful bright bay colour, with the larger wing 

 and tail-feathers black, and is easily distinguished 

 by the remarkable appearance of the secondary 

 wing-feathers, which are each tipped with a small, 

 flat, oval appendage, of a bright red colour and 

 of a shining surface, like that of sealing-wax. 



The genus Loxia or grossbeak, is remarkable 

 for the thick or stout appearance of the bill in 

 most species : it is a very numerous genus, and 

 may be exemplified by the Bullfinch, the Cross 

 Bill and many others, and particularly by the bird 

 called the Coccothraustes or Grossbill. 



The genus Emberiza is distinguished by hav- 

 ing a moderately strong bill, with the gape or 

 outline descending rather abruptly on each side 

 the base, and the inside of the upper mandible is 

 usually furnished with a hard or callous tubercle, 

 serving for the convenient breaking of seeds and 

 other vegetable substances on which these birds 

 chiefly live. Like the genus Loxia, it contains a 

 great number of species. 



