EFFECTS 01 EARTHQUAKES ON LAND. 157 



muddy, others decreased, others increased, and others 

 dried up. At Montreax, Aigle, and other places, springs 

 became turbid. 



The baths at Toplitz, in Bohemia, which were dis- 

 covered in A.D. 762, were seriously affected by the same 

 earthquake. Previous to the earthquake it is said that 

 they had always given a constant supply of hot water. 

 At this time, however, the chief spring sent up vast 

 quantities of water and ran over. One hour before this 

 it had grown turbid and flowed muddy. After this it 

 stopped for about one minute, but recommenced to flow 

 with prodigious violence, driving before it considerable 

 quantities of reddish ochre. Finally, it settled back to its 

 original clear state and flowed as before.^ 



In 1855, at the earthquake of Wallis, many new springs 

 burst forth, and some of these in Nicolai Thale were so 

 rich in iron that they quickly formed a deposit of ochre. 



At the time of the Belluno earthquake (June 29, 

 1873), a hot spring, La Vena d'Oro, suddenly became red.^ 



The following examples of like changes are taken 

 from the writings of Fuchs.^ 



In 1738 the hot springs of St. Euphema rose consider- 

 ably in their temperature. 



During the earthquake of October, 1818, the hot 

 springs of Ardebil, which usually had a temperature of 

 from 44° to 46° C, rose so high that their temperature 

 was sufficient to cause scalding. 



At the time of the earthquake of Wallis, in 1855, the 

 temperature of hot springs rose 7°, and the quantity of 

 water increased three times. 



During the earthquake of 1835 in Chili, the springs 



* Phil. Trans, vol. xlix. part i. 



* Compte Rendu, 1873, part ii. p. 66. 



8 Die Vulcan. Ers. d. Erde, C. W. C. Fuchs. 



