RELATION OF SEISMIC TO VOLCANIC PHENOMENA. 273 



In 1868 the earthquake of Arequipa was accompanied 

 by the opening of the volcano Misti, on its north side. 

 The distance to the volcano is about fourteen miles. 



At the time of the eruptions of Kilauea in 1789 the 

 ground shook and rocked so that persons could not stand. 



The first eruption of the volcano Irasu, in Costa Eica 

 (1783), was accompanied by violent earthquakes.^ The 

 smoke and flames which are said to have issued from the 

 side of Mount Fojo at the time of the Lisbon earthquake 

 are regarded by some as having been volcanic. Others 

 thought that the phenomena, rather than being on the 

 side of Fojo, which showed no traces of volcanic action, 

 had taken place in the ocean. 



At the time of the great earthquake at Concepcion 

 (1835), whilst the waves were coming in, two great 

 submarine eruptions were observed. One, behind the 

 Isle of Quinquina, appeared like a column of smoke. 

 The other, in the bay of San Vicente, appeared to form 

 a whirlpool. The sea-water became black, and had a 

 sulphurous smell, there being a vast eruption of gas in 

 bubbles. Many fish were killed.^ 



. With this same earthquake, near to Juan Fernandez, 

 about one mile from the shore, the sea appeared to boil, 

 and a high column of smoke was thrown into the air. At 

 night flames were seen. 



In 1861, when Mendoza was destroyed and 10,000 

 inhabitants killed, a volcano at the foot of which 

 Mendoza is situated burst into eruption. 



The earthquake of 1822 at Valdivia was accompanied 

 by eruptions of the neighbouring mountains, which only 

 lasted a few minutes. 



At the time of the Leghorn shocks (January 16-27, 

 1 742) some fishermen observed a part of the sea to rage 



* J(mr. JRoyal Qeog. Soc. vol. vi. * Ibid. vil. vi. 



