
ies 
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Parr II. Sxor. ii. §5.] GLACIERS. 407 
the nearest valley. Many beautiful examples of this type may be 
seen along the steep declivities which intervene between the snow- 
vovered plateau of Arctic Norway and the sea. 
(8) Re-cemented Glaciers (Glaciers remaniés). _ These consist of 
fragments which fall from an ice-cliff crowning precipices of rock, 
and are re-frozen at the bottom into a solid mass, creeping down- 
ward as a glacier usually of the second order. Probably the best 
illustrations in Europe are furnished by the Nus Fjord, and other 
_ parts of the north of Norway. In some cases a cliff of firn resting on 
blue ice appears at the top of the precipice,—the edge of the great 
* sneefond,”’ or snow-field,—while several hundred feet below, in the 
corrie or cwm at the bottom, lies the re-cemented glacier, white at its 
upper edge, but acquiring somewhat of the characteristic blue gleam 
of compact ice as it moves towards its lower margin. A beautiful 
example of this kind was visited by me at the head of the Jokuls 
Fjord in Arctic Norway in 1865. When making the sketch, from 
which Fig, 138 is taken, I observed that the ice from the edge of the 













































































































































































































| Fic. 1388.—View oF RE-ceMENTED GLaciur, Joxuts Fyorp, Arcric Norway. 
snow-field above slipped off in occasional avalanches, which sent a 
roar as of thunder down the valley, while from the shattered ice, as it 
rushed down the precipices, clouds of white snow-dust rose into the air. 
The débris thus launched into the defile beneath accumulates there 
by mutual pressure into a tolerably solid mass, which moves down- 
ward as a glacier and actually reaches the sca-level—the only 
example, so far as I am aware, of a glacier on the continent of Hurope 
which attains so low an altitude. As it descends it is crevassed and 
when it comes to the edge of the fjord, slices from time to time slip 
off into the water where they form fleets of miniature icebergs with 
which the surface of the fjord (f in Fig. 189) is covered. 
But it is in high Arctic, and still more in Antarctic, latitudes 
that land-ice, formed from the drainage of a great snow-field, 
attains its greatest dimensions. The land in these regions is 
