
~ = 
Parr ID. Sucr. ii. § 6.) MARINE EROSION. 433 
agents. If sea-cliffs were mainly due to the destructive effects of 
the waves, they ought to overhang their base, for at or near their 


















































































































































































































































































































Fig. 164.—VeERTICAL SEA-CLIFFs OF FLAGSTONE, NEAR Hotpurn Heap, CA1rHness. 
base only does the sea act (Fig. 165). But the fact that in the 
vast majority of cases sea-cliffs, instead of overhanging, slope 
backward, at a greater or less angle, from the sea (Fig. 161), 




























Fig. 165.—Marine EROSION WHERE EXCEPTIONALLY THE BASE oF A CLIFT RECEDES 
FASTER THAN THU UPPER PART. 
shows that the waste from subaerial action is really greater than 
that from the action of the breakers.’ Even when a cliff actually 
overhangs, however, 1t may often be shown that the apparent greater 
recession of its base, and inferentially the more powerful denuding 
? Whitaker, Geol. Mag. iv. p. 447. 
2F 
