Parr IL. Sxor. iii. (1) §2] DEVONIAN. 
TOL 
The higher red and yellow sandy portions of the Upper Devonian 
rocks shade up insensibly at Barnstaple in North Devon into strata 
‘which by their fossils are placed at the base of the Carboniferous 
Limestone series. But in no other locality save these south-western 
districts can such a passage be observed. In all other places the Car- 
boniferous system, where its true base can be seen, passes dawn into 
the red sandy and marly strata of the Upper Old Red Sandstone without 
marine fossils. Of the total known Devonian organisms of Britain 32 
genera and 51 species pass up into the Carboniferous system. 
Central Europe.—A large tract of Devonian rocks extends across 
the heart of Europe from the north of France through the Ardennes, the 
south of Belgium, and Rhenish Prussia, Westphalia and Nassau. But 
that the same rocks have a much wider spread under younger formations 
which cover them is shown by their reappearance far to the west in 
Brittany,' and to the east in the Harz and the Thuringer Wald. In the 
Belgian and Hifelian tracts they have been subdivided as under: 
Belgium and the North of France? Rhineland. 
(Fammenien, consisting of two 
facies : 
(6) Psammites du Condros (Con- 
drusien), in which six zones 
are distinguished (Cucullea 
Hardingii, Spirifera Verneuili, 
Rhynchonella Dumonti, Orthis 
erenistria, Phacops latifrons, 
Palzopteris hibernica, Spheno- 
pteris flaccida, &e.}. 
(c) Sandstones and shales (Spirifera 
Verneutli, Productus subaculeatus, 
Cucullea Hardingti, Entomis 
(Cypridina) serrato-striata). 

(a) Schistes de Famenne, divi- 
sible into four zones, (1) that 
of Spirifera distans, (2) of 
Rhynchonella letiensis, (3) of 
Rhynchonella Dumonti, (+) of 
Rhynchonella Omaliusi. 
Frasnien, varying in composition 
and organic contents in different 
parts of the Devonian basins. In 
the Dinant basin it consists of 
(b) Schistes de Matagne (Gonia- 
tites retrorsus, Cardium pal- 
matum, Camarophoria tumida, 
Bactrites subconicus, Entomis 
(Cypridina) serrato-striata). 
(a) Caleaires et schistes de 
_ Frasne, with abundant fossils 
(Bronteus flabellifer, Goniatites 
intumescens, Spirifera Ver- 
neuili, Sp. pachyrhyncha, Sp. 
orbeliana, Spirigera concen- 
trica, Atrypa reticularis, Rhyn- 
chonella cuboides, Camaro- 
phoria formosa, Receptaculites 
\ Neptuni). 
UPPER. 
(b) Shales and marls (Goniatites re- 
trorsus, G. primordialis, Ortho- 
ceras subflecuosum, Bactrites 
gracilis, Pleurotomaria turbinea, 
Cardiola retrostriata, Entomis 
serrato-striata, &e.). 
(a) Cuboides beds,—Nodular erum- 
bling limestone (Kramenzelkalk), 
dolomitic marl, and shaly lime- 
stone (Spirifera Verneuili, Sp. Urii, 
Atrypa reticularis, Rhynchonella 
cuboides, Productus subaculeatus, 
Camarophoria formosa, Recep- 
taculites Neptunz). 
-1 A ridge of Devonian rocks stretches eastward under the south of England (where 
its existence has been proved by well-borings at London), and no doubt joins the 
Devonian area of the Boulonnais. 
2 See Dewalque’s “ Prodrome,’ Mourlon’s “ Géologie de la Belgique,’’ and especially 
Gosselet’s “ Esquisse Géologique.” 
3 See the elaborate series of papers by E. Kayser in the Zeitschrift Deutsch. Geol, 
Gesell. vols. xxii. (1870) to xxvi. F. Maurer, N. Jahrb. 1880, 1882. 
