y 
te 
Parr IL. Szcr. iv. § L] CARBONIFEROUS. 725 
marked by a singular monotony of character all over the world, from the 
Equator into the Arctic Circle, the same genera and sometimes even 
the same species appearing to have ranged over the whole surface of 

Fic. 340.—CARBONIFEROUS CEPHALOPODS. 
a, Nautilus Koninckii (D’Orb.); b, Goniatites crenistria (Phill.); ce, Orthoceras laterale 
(Phill.). 
the globe. It consisted almost wholly of vascular cryptogams, and 
pre-eminently of Equisetacee, Lycopodiaces, and Ferns. Though 
referable to existing groups the plants presented many remarkable 

Fig. 341.—CarsonirerRous Macrourous CRUSTAOCKRAN. 
Anthrapalemon Etheridgii (Peach), twice nat. size. 
differences from their living representatives. In particular, save in 
the case of the ferns, they vastly exceeded in size any forms of the 
present vegetable world to which they can be assimilated. Our 

Fic. 342.—CaRBONIFEROUS IcHTHYODORULITE, OR DorsSAL FIsH-SPINE. 
Ctenacanthus hybodoides (Egerton). 
modern horse-tails had: their allies in huge trees among the Car- 
boniferous jungles, and the familiar club-moss of our hills, now 
a low creeping plant, was represented by tall-stemmed Lepidodendra 
