Parr IL Suor. iv.§ 1.] CARBONIFEROUS. 731 
ancient volcanic cones, on which they no doubt grew, and in sand- 
stone, where they occur as drift-wood, perhaps from higher ground 
(Fig. 351). It should be remembered that the flora preserved in 
the Carboniferous rocks is essentially that of the low grounds and 





Fic. 352.—ANTHOLITES WITH CARDIOCARPON. 
swamps. Certain fruits known as Antholithes and Cardiocarpon 
(Fig. 352), occurring in great abundance in some bands of shale, have 
been regarded as of coniferous grade, but are now referred to the 
probably lycopodiaceous Cordaites. The fruit known as Trigonocarpon 







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re: 353,—Coa MEASURE FIsHEs. 
a, Cheirodus granulosus (Young), after Traquair; 8, tooth of Strepsodus sauroides 
(Binney, sp.). 
is supposed to be coniferous, somewhat like the fruit of the living 
Salisburia. That true monocotyledons existed even in the earlier 
part of the Carboniferous period, is proved by the discovery of a 
- number of spikes, which have been referred to the living order of 
