
734 STRATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY. [Boox VI. _ 
grandis, hippuroides), Annularia radiata, Sphenophyllum. Among the ferns — 
there are few true sphenopterids, but Newropteris is common (N. flexuosa, 
auriculata), also Odontopteris (O. reichiana, Schlothewmii), Pecopteris (P. 
arborescens, pulchra, candolliana, villosa, oreopteridia, crenulata, aspidoides, 
_ elegans), Gaulopteris, Psaronius. Lepidodendra are few (L. Sternbergit, 
elegans, Lepidostrobus sub-variabilis, Lepidophloios laricinus, Knorria Selloni, 
Lepidophyllum majus). Sigillarioid forms are likewise on the wane when 
compared with their profusion below (Sigillaria elliptica, Candollii, 
tessellata, elegans, Grasiana, Brardit, spinulosa ; Syringodendron cyclostigma, 
distans ; Stigmaria ficoides abundant). Cordaites, however, now becomes 
the dominant group of plants, but with a somewhat different facies 
from that which it presents in the middle Coal-measures (C. borassi- 
folius, C. principalis, Dadoxylon Brandlingii, Cardiocarpon emarginatum, 
Gutbieri, majus, ovatum). Calamites cruciatus makes its appearance, also 
Walchia pinniformis. 
Middle Coal Flora—Upper Zone (supra-moyenne).—Calamites © 
numerous (0. Suckowii, Cistit, canneformis, ramosus ; Asterophyllites foliosus, 
longifolius, grandis, rigidus ; Annularia minuta, brevifolia ; Sphenophyllum 
saxifragefolium, Schlotheimi, truncatum, majus). Ferns represented by 
Sphenopteris (S. latifolia, irregularis, trifoliolata, cristata, &c.), Prepecopteris 
(maximum of this genus), Pecopteris (P. abbreviata, villosa, Cistit, oreopteridia, 
&c.), Caulopteris, Neuropteris, and other genera. Lepidodendra are not 
infrequent (Lepidodendron aculeatum, Sternbergi, elegans, rimosum ; Lepido- 
strobus variabilis; Lepidophloios laricinus, Lepidophyllum majus), and various 
Lycopodites. The proportion of Sigillaria is always large(S. Cortei, intermedia, 
Sillimanni, tessellata, cyclostigma, alternans, Brongmarti, Stigmaria ficoides, 
minor). Pseudosigillaria is abundant, especially P. monostigma. Cordaites 
appears in some places abundantly (C. borassifolius, Artisia transversa, 
Cladiscus Schnorrianus), and its fruits are numerous and varied (Cardio- 
carpon emarginatum, orbiculare, ovatum). 
Middle Coal Flora (properly so-called), characterized above all by 
the dominant place of the Sigillarioids, which now surpass the lepido- 
dendroids and form the main mass of the coal seams. The genus Sigillaria 
here attains its maximum development (S. Grroeseri, angusta, scutellata, 
intermedia, elongata, notata, alternans, rugosa, reniformis, leopoldina, and 
many more; Pseudosigillaria striata, rimosa, monostigma ; Stigmaria ficoides, 
minor). Lepidodendroids are large and frequent (Lepidodendron aculeatum, 
obovatum, caudatum, rimosum, Sternbergii, elegans ; Lepidophloios laricinus ; 
Ulodendron majus, minus ; Halonia tuberculata, tortuosa, regularis ; Lepido- 
phyllum majus; Lepidostrobus variabilis). The ferns are abundant and 
varied ; the Sphenopterids include many species, of which Sphenopteris 
Hoeninghausii and tenella are common (also S. Bronni, Schlotheimii, tenui- 
folia, rigida, furcata, elegans); Alethopteris is very plentiful (A. lonchitica, 
Serlii, Mantelli, heterophylla); also Lonchopteris Bricii and L. Réhlii ; 
Prepecopteris, Pecopteris, Megaphyton, Neuropteris (N. flexuosa, Loshti, tenui- 
folia, gigantea), Cyclopteris, Aulacopteris. The calamites are widely 
diffused and abundant, especially Calamites dubius, undulatus, ramosus, 
decoratus, Steinhaueri ; Asterophyllites subhippuroides, grandis, longifolius ; 
Volkmannia Binneyana ; Sphenophyllum seems here to reach its maximum, 
characteristic species being S. emarginatum, saaifrageefolium, erosum, 
dentatum, truncatum, Schlotheimii. Some coals and shales abound with 
Cardiocarpon, also Trigonocarpon, and Néggerathia. 
