oe 4 
~_* 1, 
715A STRATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY.  [Boox VI. _ 
Zygosaurus, &. 'The-remains of comparatively few forms, however, 
had been found until the remarkable discoveries of Dr. Anton 
Fritsch in the basins of Pilsen and Rakowitz in Bohemia. The 
strata of these localities have been already (p. 748) referred to 
as containing an abundant and characteristic coal-flora, yet with 
a fauna that is as decidedly lke that of known Permian rocks. 
According, therefore, as we give preference to the plants or the 
animals, the strata may be ranked as Carboniferous or as Permian. 
‘They have yielded no fewer than forty-three species of amphibians, 
of which Dr. Fritsch is publishing elaborate descriptions. Those 
described up to this time are Branchiosaurus (a form resembling 
an earth-salamander in possessing gills, and of which the largest 
specimen is only about 24 inches long), Sparodus, Hylonomus, 
Dawsonia, Melanerpeton, Dolichosoma, Ophiderpeton, and Palzosiren.* 
From the corresponding strata of Autun in Central France, M. 
Gaudry has described some additional forms Actinodon, Protriton, a 
new batrachian genus Plewronewra, and Huchtrosaurus, a larger and — 
more highly organized form than any yet known from the Paleeozoic 
rocks of France2. The Kupferschiefer of Germany and the corre- 
sponding beds in England have yielded the earliest known European 
lacertilian reptile—the Proterosaurus, one distinguishing feature in 
which is the crocodilian character of having the teeth planted in 
distinct sockets. 
§ 2. Local Development. 
Britain.°—In England on a small scale, a representative is to be 
found of the two contrasted types of the European Permian system. On 
the east side of the island from the coast of Northumberland southwards 
to the plains of the Trent, a true “ Dyas ” development is exhibited, the 
Magnesian limestone and Marl-slate forming the main feature of the 
system ; on the west side of the Pennine chain, however, the true Per- 
mian or Russian facies is presented. Arranged in tabular form the rocks 
of the two areas may be grouped as follows: 
W. of England. K. of England.! 
(Permian or Russian type.) (Dyas or German type.) 
Red sandstones, clays, and gypsum . 600 ft. 50-100 ft. 
Magnesian limestone . : - 
Marl slate. } ae sO 
Lower red and variegated sandstone, 
reddish brown and purple sand- 3000 100-250 
stones and marls, with calcareous ” Bei. 
conglomerates and breccias . 
~ 
A. Fritsch, “Fauna der Gaskohle und der Kalksteine der Permformation 
Bohmens,” Prag, 1881-2. 
* Gaudry, Bull. Soc. Geol. France, vii. (3 sér.), p. 62. 
* Sedgwick, Trans. Geol. Soc, iii. (1835), p. 37; iv. 383; Murchison, “ Siluria,” 
p- 808; Hull, “Triassicand Permian Rocks of Midland Counties of England” in Mem. 
Geol. Surv. 1869 ; Q.J. Geol. Soc, xxv. 171; xxix. p. 402; Ramsay, Op. cit. xxvii. p. 241; 
KE. Wilson, Op. eit. xxxii. p. 533; D, OC. Davies, Op. cit. xxxiii. p. 10; H. B, Woodward, 
Geol, Mag. 1874, p. 285 ; ‘I. V. Holmes, Q. J. Geol. Soc. xxxvii, p. 286. 
