834 STRATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY. — [Boox VI. 
Southwards, also, the same mingled marine and terrestrial type of 
Cretaceous rocks can be followed into California, where the higher parts — 
of the series contain beds of coal. ‘The coast ranges are described by © 
Whitney as largely composed of Cretaceous rocks, usually somewhat 
metamorphic and sometimes highly so. 
Australia and New Zealand.—Representatives of the Cretaceous 
system occupy a vast area in Queensland and in other parts of Australia. 
Among their fossils are species of Inoceramus, Ammonites, and Belemmitella. 
In New Zealand the “ Waipara”’ formation of Canterbury is believed to 
represent Upper Cretaceous and possibly some of the other Tertiary 
horizons. It consists of massive conglomerates (sometimes 6000 to 
8000 feet thick), sandstones, shales, brown-coal seams, and ironstones. 
The plants include dicotyledonous leaves, cones, and branches of arau- 
carians and leaves and twigs of Dammara. Among the shells no cephalo- 
pods nor any of the wide- spread hippurites have yet been found. With 
the remains of fishes (Lamna, Hybodus, Otodus) occur numerous saurian 
bones, which have been referred to species of Plesiosaurus, Manisaurus, 
Polycotylus, &c.1 
1 Etheridge, Q. J. Geol. Soc. xxviii. 183, 340; Owen, Geol. Mag. vii. 49; Hector, 
Trans. New Zealand Inst. vi. p. 333; Haast, Geology of Canterbury and Westland, 
p. 291; Hutton and Ulrich, Geology of "Otago, p. 44. 
