\ 
Parr IV. Sucr. ii § 1] OLIGOCENE. 855 
deposits were accumulated. Some of these lakes did not attain 
their fullest development until the Miocene period. 
The Oligocene flora according to Heer is composed mainly of an 
evergreen vegetation and has characters linking it with the living 
tropical floras of India and Australia and with the subtropical flora 
of America. It includes some ferns, fan-palms, and feather-palms 

Fic. 409.—OLIGOCENE GASTEROPODS. 
a, Planorbis euomphalus (Sow.) (2); 0, Cerithium plicatum (Lam.) (3); c, Potamides 
cinctus (Sow.) (3); d, Limnea longiscata (Brongn.) (2). 
(Sabal, Pheenicites), a number of conifers (Sequoia, &c.), cinnamon 
trees, evergreen oaks, custard-apples, gum-trees, spindle-trees, oaks, 
figs, laurels, willows, vines, and proteaceous shrubs (Dryandra, 
Dryandroides). 
Among the mollusca some of the more important genera are 
Ostrea, Pecten, Nucula, Astarie, Cardiwm, Cytherea, Cancellaria, 

Fic, 410. ANOPLOTHERIUM COMMUNE (Cov.) 
Murex, Fusus, Typhis, Cassis, Plewrotoma, Conus, Voluta, Cerithiwm, 
Melania, Planorbis. Numerous remains of birds have been found in 
the lacustrine beds of the Department of the Allier, no fewer 
than 66 species having been described, which comprise parroquets, 
trogons, flamingoes, ibises, pelicans, marabouts, cranes, secretary- 
birds, eagles, grouse, and numerous gallinaceous birds—a fauna 

