- 
| ee IV. Sect. ii. § 2.) OLIGOCENE. 859 

_—_—oo7 
———— 
—S 

White marls with Limneza strigosa, Planorbis planulatus. 
Supra-gypseous blue marls, with very few fossils. 
| Lacustrine gypsum (Gyps lacustre). The most important gypsum 
4 bed of the Paris basin, 26 feet thick, saccharoid in texture, contain- 
ing skeletons and bones of mammals, fragments of terrestriai wood, 
and a few terrestrial shells (Helix, Cyclostoma, &c.). This deposit 
is continuous with the marine gypsum underneath it (p. 851). 
Lacustrine Gypseous group. 
oe ——soo 
Belgium.'—The succession of Oligocene beds in this country differs 
from that of France, and has received a different nomenclature, as 
follows : 
8 
E Wanting. 
. : ( White sands of Bolderberg (Bolderian). 
Oo co) 
| .4 } Clay of Boom and Nucula clay of Bergh, upwards of 40 species of 
a fossils including Nucula compta (Leda Lyelliana), Corbula sub- 
tee | = pisum (= Septarienthon” of Northern Germany). 
2 is : 
sjajs 
: | jl : Cerithium sands of Vieux Jone (Klein Spauwen) and Pectunculus 
sands of Bergh. 
7 4 Henis clay. The fossils in this clay and the overlying sands are 
| | = | fluvio-marine (Cyclostoma, Succinea, Pupa; Planorbis, Limnea, 
oe e { Neritina ; Cerithium, Melania, Bythinia, Cyrena). 
AI & © | Sands of Neerepen. 
z oo )— {Sands of Grimmertingen. The Tongrian deposits contain an 
= E Ss abundant marine fauna=the Egeln beds of Germany. 
Germany.’*—In northern Germany, while true Eocene beds are 
wanting, the Oligocene groups are well developed both in their marine 
and fresh-water facies, and it was from their characters in that region 
that B 
eyrich proposed for them the term Oligocene. They occupy large 
more or less detached areas or basins, with local lithological and paleon- 
tological variations, but the following general subdivisions have been 
establi 
. 
shed : 
( Brown-coal deposits of the Lower Rhine, &c., with a flora of less tropical, 
| Indian, and Australian type, and more allied to that of sub-tropical 
4 North America (Acer, Cinnamomum, Cupressinoxylon, Juglans, Nyssa, 
| Pinites, Quercus, &c.) Some marine beds in this division contain Tere- 
\ bratula grandis, Pecten Janus, P. Miinstert, &c. 
(Stettin-sand and Septaria-clay (Septarienthon), with an abundant marine 
fauna (Foraminifera, Pecten permistus, Leda deshayesiana, Avinus obtu- 
sus, Fusus Konincki, F'. multisulcatus, &c.). These beds are widely 
there of the Middle Oligocene deposits. In some places, however, a 
local brown-coal group occurs (Alnus Kefersteini, Cinnamomum poly- 
2| 
3 4 distributed in north Germany, and are usually the only representatives 
i 
\ 
morphum, Populus Zaddacht, Taxodium dubium). 

! Mourlon, Geol. Belg. 
2 Beyrich, Monatsbericht. Akad. Berlin, 1854, p. 640, 1858, p. 51. A yon Koenen, 
Zeitsch. 
Deutsch. Geol. Ges. xix. (1867), p. 23. Credner’s Geologie. 
