880 STRATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY. [Book VI. 
chiefly of mammalia, of which no fewer than about 93 species have been 
determined belonging to 48 genera, of which those that are now extinct 
are marked in the subjoined list with an asterisk : ! 
Primates—Macacus, 2 sp.; Semnopithecus, Ze 
Carnivora—Felis, 2; Machairodus * (Drepanodon), 1; Pseudzlurus,* 1; Ieti- 
therium,* 1; Hyzena, 1; Canis (Vulpes), 1; Amphicyon,* i Ursus, 5 Bee 
Hyznarctos,* 2; Mellivora,1; Meles, 1; Lutra, 1; Enhi ydriodon,* 1 ‘ 
Prohoscidea—Elephas, 7 (Euelephas, ic Loxodon, as ’ Stegodon,* 5); Mastodon,* 
4 (Pentalophodon,* 1; Tetralophodon,* ae Trilophodon,* A>: 
Ungulata Perissodactyla—Rhinoceros, 6; Acerotheriwm,* 1; Listriodon,* 1; 
Equus, 2; Hipparion,* 2. 
Ungulata Artiodactyla — Hippopotamus (Hexaprotodon*), 1; Hippopota- 
modon,* 1; Tetraconodon,* 1; Sus, 3; Hippohyus,* 2; Chalicotherium,* 1; 
Merycopotamus,* 1; Cervus, 3; Doreatherium,* 2 ; Camelopardalis, 2 Siva- 
thertum,* 1; Hydaspitherium,* 3; Bos, 3; Bison, 1; Bubalus, 2; Peribos,* 
Amphibos,* 1; Hemibos,* 1; Antilope, 4; Capra, 2; Ovis, 1; Camelus, 1. 
Rodentia—Mus, 1; Rhizomys, 1; Hystrix, 1. 
In this list there is considerable resemblance to the grouping of 
mammalia in the Pikermi deposits just referred to, particularly in the 
preponderance of large animals, 
the absence or rarity of the 
smaller forms (rodents, bats, in- 
sectivores), and the marked Mio- 
cene aspect of certain parts of 
the fauna. Mr. Blanford, how- 
y ever, has recently shown that 
* though usually classed as Miocene 
wes 
tions to Pliocene and recent forms 
as are found in no true Miocene 
fauna. Among the genera 12 
are unknown elsewhere, 7 are 
Miocene and Pliocene; of the 
still living genera 9 range back 
in Europe to upper Miocene time, 
10 only to Pliocene, while 6 are 
only known elsewhere as living 
forms or as occurring in post- 
Pic. 424.—Sivarueniem cicanrreum (Farc.). Pliocene beds. The large pre- 
A gigantic two-horned form of antelope found ponderance of spe belonging 
in the Siwalik beds of India. to such familiar genera as Felis, 
Canis, Ursus, Elephas, Equus, Cer- 
cus, Bos, Antilope, and Capra, gave the whole assemblage a singularly 
modern aspect. It should be added that associated with the mammals 
are six determinable reptiles, of which three are recent; four or five 
kinds of birds, of which one is probably identical with the living ostrich, 
and a number of land and fresh-water shells of existing species.” 
North America.—The uppermost division of the “Tertiary series of 
the eastern United States has received the name of the Sumter group, 

1 Medlicott & Blanford, Geology of India, p. 577. Blanford, Brit. Assoc. 1880, 
p. 577. . 
* Blanford, Brit. Assoc, 1880, p. 578, 

the Siwalik fauna has such rela- — 
