938 
eruptions, 210; movements of, 317; 
geological action of, 317; influence of 
on water, 327; washed by rain, 330; 
transformations from into the mineral 
world, 452; co-operation of in marine 
erosion, 428 
Athyris, 696, 723 
Atols, 466 
Atrypa, 665, 669*, 696 
Auchenaspis, 683, 710 
Augite, 75, 99, 100 
Augite-porphyry, 145 
Aulacopteris, 734 
Aulophyllum, 722 
Australia, coast-line of, 41; sand-wastes of, 
325; sandy deserts of, 323; barrier 
coral-reef of, 464 
——, Archean rocks of, 646; Silurian, 
693; Carboniferous, 749; Trias, 771; 
Jurassic, 801; Cretaceous, 832; Ter- 
tiary, 881 
Austria, Archean rocks of, 645; Cam- 
brian, 659; Silurian, 689; Devonian, 
703; Carboniferous, 748; Permian, 
757; Trias, 768; Jurassic, 800; Cre- 
taceous, 829; Eocene, 851; Neogene 
(Oligocene and later Tertiary), 861; 
Miocene, 866 ; Pliocene, 876 
Auvergne, volcanoes of, 209, 222, 230, 244, 
245, 255, 861; Tertiary lakes of, 394; 
Oligocene deposits of, 861; Miocene, 
876 
Avalanches, 369, 403, 457 
Avicula, 753, 762, 766*, 774, 847 
Avicula contorta zone, 621, 767 
Aviculopecten, 697, 721, 723* 
‘Backs and Cutters,” 502 
Bactrites, 698 
Baculites, 807, 808* 
“Bad Lands” of western North America, 
343 
Bagshot Sands, 846 
Bahamas, consolidated calcareous sand of, 
155 
Baiera, 828 
Bairdia, 724 
Bajocien, 798 
Bakevellia, '752* 
Bala Group, 668 
Balxnoptera, 857, 875 
Balanus, 897 
Balkash Lake, desiccation round, 397 
Baltic Sea, anchor ice of, 424; increasing 
salinity of, 33 
Bamboo, fossil species of, 871 
Bandschiefer, 578 
Bankinia, 838, 846 
Banksia, 862 
Bannisdale Slates, 684 
Barnacles as evidence of upheaval, 276 
Barometric pressure, 317 
Barrandia, 664, 667 
darrier Coral Reefs, 466, 468 
INDEX. 
Bars and lagoon barriers, 385 
Barton Clay, 847 
Barytes, 84 
Basalt, described, 147, 148; affinity with 
melaphyre, 146; microliths in, 701; 
liquidity of, 294: altered by contact 
with coal, 576; weathering of, 76, 178, 
335 
Basalt-plateaux of N.W. Europe, 258, 
858; of western North America, 256, 
565, 919 
« Basaltic” structure, 506 
Basic rocks, 58, 130 
Basset or Outerop, d11 
Bastite, 76 
Bat, early forms of, 841 
Bath, mineral waters of, 351, 355 
Bath Oolites (Bathonian), 790 
Bavaria, Eozoon of, 639; Archean rocks, 
645; Triassic, 768; Jurassic, 800; Cre- 
taceous, 814, 829; Hocene, 852 
Beach, formation of a, 278, 419, 437 
Beaches, ancient, 486, 493 
Beaches, raised, 277, 893, 900 
Beania, 772 
Bear, fossil, 864, 869, 872, 875, 898, 908 
Bear Island, Old Red Sandstone of, 717 
Beaver, fossil, 864, 868, 869, 874, 898; 
geological action of, 455 . 
Bedding of rocks, 88, 474 (see Stratifica- 
tion) 
Beech, fossil forms of, 804, 838, 866 
Beetles, fossil, 732, 798, 868 
Belemnitella, 807, 810* 
“ Belemnitella province ” of the Cretaceous 
rocks, 814 
Belemnites, 774, 780* 
Belgium, Cambrian rocks of, 658 ; Silurian, 
690; Devonian, 701; Carboniferous, 
_ 745; Cretaceous, 824; Hocene, 847; 
Oligocene, 859; Miocene, 865; Pliocene, 
876 ; Pleistocene, 898 
Belgrandia, 875 
Belinurus, 717 
Bellerophon, 651*, 666, 667*, 697, 724: 
Belodon, 763 
Belonites, 101 
Beloptera, 846 
Belosepia, 840 
Beloteuthis, 774 
Belvedere-schotter (Pliocene of Vienna 
basin), 877 
Bembridge Beds, 856 
Beryx, 807 
Bettongia, 881 
Betula, 860, 862, 884, 885* 
Beyrichia, 664, 724, 732 
Bimstein, 142 
Biotite, 74 
Birch, early forms of, 860, 862, 868, 871, 
877 
Bird-like affinities among reptiles, 763, 
789, 801, 840 
Birds, relative value of fossil, 611; 
