940 
Bronze Age or Period, 902 
Bronzite, 76 
Brookite, artificial formation of, 302 
Brown, as a colour of rocks, 92 
Brown-coal, 170; of Oligocene age, 859, 
860; Miccene, 867; recent formation of, 
306 
Brunswick, Cretaceous rocks of, 828 
Bruxellien (Systeme), 850 
Bryozoenkalk, 829 
Bubalus, 880 
Buccinum, 793, 862, 897 
Buckthorn, fossil species of, 871 
Buhrstone, 159 
Bulimus, 857 
Bumastus, 676 
Bunter Sandstones, 764 
Burberg Beds, 852 
Burlington Group, 750 
Burrowing animals, 455 
Buthotrephis, 662 
Butterfly, earliest known, 775 
“ Buttes” of western North America, 343 
Byssacanthus, 699 
Bythinia, 851 
Cadurcotherium, 856 
Cainotherium, 856 
Cainozoic, definition of, 836 
Cainozoic Systems, 835 
Caithness Flags, 711, 714 
Calamites, 715, 726, 752 
Calamocladus, 726 
Calamodendron, 726, 752 
Calcaire grossier, 849, 850 
Cale-aphanite, 145 
Calcareous a pempention, defined, 90 
Grit (Yorkshire), 794 
a) Pie. 112 
Calcedony, 65; fibrous structure of, 354° 
Calceola, 695, 698* 
Calciferous Group (Silurian), 692 
Calciferous Sandstone Group (Carboni- 
ferous), 737, 739 
Calcination by eruptive masses, 574 
Calcite (see Calcium Carbonate), 82, 106; 
as a petrifying medium, 610; as an 
index of the alteration of rocks, 352, 
353 ; in invertebrates, 608; more perma- 
nent than aragonite, e.g. in fossilization, 
82, 106, 166, 609, 610 
Calcium in nature, 57, 59 
Calcium Carbonate (see Calcite, Aragonite), 
59, 82, 111, 165; detection of by acids, 
192; solubility of, 349; abstraction and 
deposit of, 350, 353, 354, 399, 400, 438, 
461, 463; proportion of .in natural 
waters, 348, 349; in river-waters, 365, 
366; secretion of by organisms, 106; 
precipitation of, 350, 353, 400; useful- 
ness of asa petrifying medium, 352; pre- 
cipitates gypsum, 399; considered as a 
test of the amount of alteration of rocks, 
72, 107, 192 
INDEX. 
Calcium Phosphate, 84, 169 
Calcium Sulphate, 84, 115; 
365 
Calc-sinter, formation of, 354, 400, 461 
Caillasses or upper Caleaire Grossier, 850 
Callipteridium, 733, 758 
Callipteris, 752 
Callizoe, 664 
Callograptus, 667 
Callovian, 793 
Calymene, 664, 665* 
Camarella, 660 
Camarophoria, 696, 753 
Cambrian Sandstone, contorted bedding in, 
479 
Cambrian System, 647 
Cambridge Greensand, 809, 820 
Camel, genealogy of, 625, 881 
Camelopardalis, 878 
Camelus, 880, 881 
Campinian Sands, 898 
Canada, (see America, North) 
Canadian formation, 692 
Cancellaria, 840, 855, 862 
Canis, 869, 875 
Caiions, origin of, 378, 923, 926 
Capeling, fossil, 900 
Capillarity in rocks may affect their meta- 
morphism, 299 
Capra, 880 
Caprina, 806 
Caprotina, 806, 807* 
Caprotinenkalk, 829 g 
Caprovis, 875 
Carabus, 780*, 787 
Caradoc Group, 668 
Carbon in nature, 58 
Carbon Dioxide, or Carbonic Acid, 59, 60; 
in the atmosphere, 31; in sea-water, 34; 
liquid in crystals, 66, 96, 98, 300; in 
rain, 330; in soil, 340, 347; abstracted 
- from ancient atmosphere and now stored 
up in coal, 452; escapes from coal- 
seams, 306; increases solvent power of 
water, 299, 349 
Carbonaceous composition of rocks, 90 
Carbonas, 598 
Carbonates, 82; of iron (see Ferrous 
Carbonate) ; of lime (see Calcium Car- 
bonate) ; alkaline, influence of in chemi- 
cal reactions of water, 302, 348 
Carbonic Acid (see Carbon Dioxide) 
Carboniferous Limestone, 737; history of 
in western Europe, 494 
Carboniferous Slate, 742 
Carboniferous System, 718 
—__—___——, two types of, 719 
Carcharodon, 853, 876 
Cardiaster, 821 
Cardinia, 774 
Cardiocarpon, 731* 
Cardiola, 678, 697 
Car diopteris, 718 
Cardita, 762, 846, 860, 862, 863*, 876 
in river water, 
