
INDEX. 
Cardium, 762, 766*, 774, 778*, 806, 840*, 
- 855, 862, 873, 896 
Carlsbad, sprudelstein of, 113 
Carpathian Mountains, Tertiary volcanoes 
of, 861 
Carpinus (Hornbeam), 862 
Car polithes, 730 
Carsphairn Group, 671 
** Car-stone ” (Neocomian), 820 
Caryocaris, 664 
Caryophyllia, 860 
Caspian Sea, 35, 36, 40; origin of, 396; 
salinity, 397, 398; salt beds, 397; 
mud volcanoes, 235; fire-wells, 236; 
naphtha districts, 236; petroleum, 173; 
‘dunes of, 324 
Cassianella, 762 
Cassidaria, 846 
Cassis, 855, 862 
Casts of organic remains, 610 
Cat, fossil forms of, 864, 872 
Catenipora, 685 
Catskill Group, 705 
Catskill Mountains, glaciation of, 899 
Cauda-galli grit, 704 
Caulerpites, 755 
Caulopteris, 705, 708, 752 
Cavern-deposits, Paleolithic, 904 
Cayernous structure of rocks, 88 
Caverns, formation of, 354; ossiferous, 356, 
908 ; burial of organisms in, 605 
Caves, red earth of, 337, 904 
Cebocheerus, 856 
Cellular structure of rocks, 89, 204 
Cellulose, 609 
Cements of rocks, 309, 335 
Cement-stone, 112 
Cement-stone Group (Carboniferous), 739 
Cenomanian, 814, 819, 826, 829 
Cephalaspis, 683, 709*, 710 
Cephalopods, earliest, 652, 654, 666 ; maxi- 
mum development of, 807 
Ceratiocaris, 664, 677*, 724 
Ceratites, 762* 
Ceratodus, 767 
Cerithium, 774, 806, 840, 841*, 855%, 
865 
Cerithium or Sarmatian Stage, 867 
Ceromya, 793 
Cervus, 875; as a type-fossil, 616 
Ceteosaurus, 779, 807 
Cheropotamus, 856, 865 
Chalicotherium, 856, 869, 880 
Chalk, 168, 802; absorbent power of, 299; 
fusedand crystallized, 291; converted into 
marble, 292, 577; red loam of weathered, 
337 
Chalk-formation of Europe, 801; with 
fiints, 822; without flints, 822; not a 
continuous deposit, 821; represented by 
sandstone in Saxony, 829 
Chaik-marl, 820 
Chalk-rock, 822 
‘“‘ Challenger” Expedition, work of, 32, 33, 
Le eee 
941 
34, 64, 254, 391, 436, 438, 439, £61, £67, 
469, 470, 804 
Chalybite, 83 
Chama, 840 
Chanezcyparis, 849 
Chamois, fossil, 898 
Champlain Clays, 899 
Channels, formation of underground, 355 
Chara, 852, 854* ; 
Chariocephalus, 660 
Chasmops, 687 
Chazy Group, 692 
Cheiracanthus, 710 
Cheirodus, 731* 
Cheirotherium, 765 
Chetrurus, 655, 664, 700 
Chelone, 807, 846 
Cheltenham, mineral waters of, 351 
Chemical analysis, use of in geological 
research, 191 
Chemnitzia, 753, 762 
Chemung group, 704 
Chert, 117, 168, 719, 738, 743 
Chesil Bank, formation of, 435, 438 
Chester Group, 750 
Chestnut, fossil forms of, 838, 877 
Chiastolite, 79 
Chiastolite Slate, 122 
Chili, voleanic action in (see America, 
South), 216 
Chillesford Beds, 873 
Chimzra, 795 
China, denudation by wind in, 320; loess 
of, 322; coal-fields of, 749 
Chitin, 609 
Chiton, 753 
Chlorides at volcanoes, 202, 229, 262 
Chlorine, 57, 85 
Chlorite, 81; as an index of alteration, 
107 
Chlorite-schist, 121, 126 
Chloritic Marl, 820 
Cheetetes, 662, 722 
Chondrites, 662, 664 
Chonetes, 680, 696, 718, 725 
Chronology, fossils indicative cf geological, 
614 
Chrysolite, 67 
Cicadites, 772* 
Cidaris, 761, 773, 774*, 809 
Cincinnati Group, 692 
Cinnamomum, 832, 845, 855, 862*, 871 
Cinnamon, early forms of, 832 
Circumdenudation, hills of, 924 
Cirques, origin of, 927 
Cirripedes, earliest forms of, 664 
Cissus, 862 
Civet, early forms of, 856 
Cladodus, 724 
Cladyodon, 763 
Clastic rocks, 102, 105, 109, 153 
Clastic structure, $7 
Clathraria, 772 
Clathropteris, 761 
