
INDEX. 
_ Fabularia, 850 
a Fairy-stones of Scotland, 488 
“ Fakes,” 158 
False bedding, 477 
Faluns of Touraine, 865 
Fammenien, 701 
Fault-rock, 157, 524 
Faults, inclination of, 524; reversed, 525, 
026, 746; connection of, with folds, 526, 
746, 913, 916; throw of, 526; hade of, 
316, 524; heave of, 528; variations in 
effects of, 527; dip-, 527; strike-, 527, 
928; trough-, 532; step-, 5382; dying 
out of, 530; groups of, 531; detection 
and tracing of, 532; slipping of sides of, 
992; successive opening of, 594; as 
receptacles of mineral veins, 595; in- 
_ fluence of on surface, 916; origin of, 
315 
Fascicularia, 873* 
Fasciolaria, 828, 865 
Favosites, 663, 696 
Faxoe Chalk, 828, 835 
Feel of rocks, 93 
Felis, 864, 875 
- Felsite, Felstone, 135, 136; with columnar 
structure, 508 
Felsitic ground mass, 102, 104, 135 
Felsophyre, 90 
Felspars, 70, 130; artificially formed, 300 
_ Felspathic composition, 90 
Felstone (see Felsite) 
Fenestella, 655, 665, 753 
Ferns, oldest known, 662 
Ferrite, 107 
Ferrous Carbonate, 83, 116, 175; produc- 
tion and oxidation of, 350 
Ferrous Oxide, oxidation of, 332, 333 
Ferrous Sulphate, decomposition of in 
natural waters, 350 
Ferruginous deposits, 174 
Feuerstein, 117 
Fibrous structure, 88; in calcite, 353; in 
caleedony, 354; artificially superinduced 
in glass, 301 
‘Ficus, 845, 860, 862 
Field work in geology, 176 
Fig-tree, fossil, 803, 839, 855, 871, 804 
Fimbriati (Ammonites), 784 . 
“ Findlige ” (erratic blocks), 412 
Fir, fossil, 868, 875 
Fire-clay, 160; relation of to coal, 490; 
origin of, 720, 721 
Fire-damp, escape of from coal, 306 
Fire wells, 236 
** Firn,”’ or snow ice, 110 
 Firths or Fjords, origin of, 283 
Fishes, earliest remains of, 666, 681, 705; 
sudden destruction of, 607, 716 
Fissility, kinds of in rocks, 476 
Fissures, 315, 522, 591; caused by earth- 
_ quakes, 271; connection of volcanic 
vents with, 210, 212, 221 
Fissure-volcanoes, 197, 255, 261, 564 
947 
Fjords (see Firths) 
Flabellaria, 860 
Flagstone, 158 
ee coloration of as a test of minerals, 
-Flammenmergel, 829 
Flanders, sand-dunes of, 324 
Fleckschiefer, 123, 578 
Flexures of terrestrial crust, 514, 913; in- 
fluence of on scenery, 923 
Flint, 66, 117, 168; formation of, 488, 
804; connection of with siliceous 
organisms, 469, 804 
Flinty slate, 117, 161 
Flinty structure, 87 
Floe-ice, 111, 424 
Flood-plains of rivers, 383 
Floods, volume of in rivers, 360; relation 
of to permeability of drainage-basins, 
359; Increase scour of rivers, 368; 
seasonal and occasional, 359; from 
melting snows, 403 
Flora (see Plants) 
Florida, coast-bars of, 387 
Fluorine, 57, 84; influence of in sublima- 
tion, 293; facilitates some precipitates, 
302; possible codperation of in the 
crystallization of granite, 302 
Fluorides, 84 
Fluorite (Fluor spar), 84 
Flustra, 850 
Fluvio-marine series (Isle of Wight), 856 
Fluxion-structure in rocks, 88, 104, 135; 
artifically produced in solid lead and 
iron, 313 
Flysch, 830, 838, 851 
Foliated rocks, joints in, 508 
Foliated structure, 88 
Foliation, 88, 118 ; production of, 307, 541, 
078, 581; coincidence of with cleavage, 
307, 579, 582, 586; locai development 
of, 041, 578, 581 
Folkestone Beds, 818 
Fontainebleau, Grés de, 858 
Footprints in strata, 485 
Foraminifera as rock-builders, 838 
Foraminiferal ooze, 167, 463 
Forests affect rainfall, 454, 457, 472; pro- 
tective influence of, 457; effects of 
destruction of, 457; submerged, 900 
Forest-bed group, 874; undisturbed con- 
dition of below contorted drift, 889 
Forest marble, 785, 792; false bedding in, 
479 
Fort Benton, sub-group, 832 
Fort Pierre, sub-group, 832 
Fossilization, conditions of, 608 
Fossils, definition of term, 603; entomb- 
ment of, 604; relative value of in 
geology, 610; uses of in geology, 612; 
mark changes in physical geography, 
612, 741; mark traces of former land- 
surfaces, 612; lakes, 612; sea bottoms, 
613 ; variations in character of water, 
oPa 
