INDEX. 
mation of dolomite, 305, 399; excess 
of in some salt lakes, 399; facilitates 
deposition of sodium chloride, 399 
Magnetism of rocks, 93 
Maenetite, 68, 116 
Magnolia, 803, 838, 860, 862 
Mallotus, 900 
Malm or Upper Jura of Germany, 798 
Mammals, limited geological range of, 612 ; 
- character of Eocene, 616; earliest forms 
of, 763; maximum development of, 838 ; 
great extinction of large types of during 
the Glacial Period, 838 
Mammaliferous Crag, 873 
Mammoth in Europe, 891; figure of carved 
on ivory by cave-men, 905* 
Man, geological action of, 471; earliest 
traces of, 898, 902 
Manchhar Group (Tertiary), 869, 879 
Manganese, 69; deposits. of on sea floor, 
440, 469 
Mangrove swamps, growth of, 456, 461 
Manis, 869 
Manisaurus, 834 
Manon, 804 
Maple, fossil forms of, 803, 804, 839, 868, 
871 (see Acer) 
Marble, characters of, 113; produced by 
metamorphism, 304, 577, 579; artificial 
formation of, 292; effacement of monu- 
mental inscriptions on, 332 
Marcasite, 85, 123; as a petrifying medium, 
610 
Marcellus Group, 704 
Maretia, 850 
Margarodite, 74 
Margarodite-schist, 124 
Marginella, 846 
Marine transport, 434; deposits, various 
kinds of, 436; chemical, 437, 469; me- 
chanical, 437; organic, 461, 463, 469; 
littoral, 487; infra-littoral, 438; abys- 
mal, 438 
— denudation, exaggerated ideas of, 
447; rate of, 447; plain of, 451 
— erosion, 427; guided by geological 
structure, 431; aided by meteoric agents, 
432 
organisms, superior paleontological 
value of, 611 
Marl (fresh-water), 463 
Marl lakes, 394, 463 
Mar] Slate, 751, 755 
Marmarosis, 577 
Marmot, fossil, 898, 906 
Marne, floods of the, 359 
Marnes de Hauterive, 829 
Marnes irisées, 767 
_ Mars, planet, 8 
' Marsh-gas at volcanoes, 201, in spring 
water, 347, 350 
. Marsupials, earliest, 768, 782 
Marsuptocrinites, 678 
Marsupites, 805 

999 
Martes, 875 
Martin, earliest known, 856 
Massive rocks, 109, 129 
Massive structure of rocks, 88 
Mastodon, 861, 863, 864*, 873; as a type- 
fossil, 616 
Mastodonsaurus, 763 
May Hill Sandstones, 674 
Mayence (Tertiary) basin, 866, 876 
— Stage, 868 
Medina Group, 692 
Mediterranean basin, voleanic phenomena 
of (see Etna, Vesuvius, Lipari, Italy); 
Cretaceous rocks of, 830 
Mediterranean Sea, increasing salinity of, 
33; fine sediment in water of, 436; 
calcareous deposit on shore of, 437; 
delta formations in, 390; local alteration 
of water-level of, 328 
Mediterranean Stage (Miocene), 867 
Megaceros (Irish Elk), 906, 908 
Megalaspis, 687 
Megalichthys, 740 
Megalodon, 697, 698* 
Megalosaurus, 779, 782*, 807 
Megalurus, 800 
Megaphyton, 734 
Melampus, 832 
Melanerpeton, 754 
Melania, 817, 840, 841*, 855 
Melanopsis, 845, 856, 877 
Melaphyre, 145 
Meles, 880 
Mellivora, 880 
Melolonthidx, 775 
Melon, early forms of, 858 
Membranipora, 850 
Menaccanite, 69 
Mendip Hills, old shore lines around, 486, 
493, 494 
Menevian Group, 654 
Mercury, planet, 8 
Mercury Iodide, use of in petrographical 
analysis, 193 
Meristella, 665, 670, 679* 
Merychippus, 881 
Merycopotamus, 880 
Mesohippus, 869 
Mesolepis, 732 
Mesopithecus, 872* 
Mesozoic systems, 759 
Metalloids in earth’s crust, 57 
Metals in earth’s crust, 57; native, re- 
duced from metallic salts by organic 
acids, 453 
Metamorphic rocks, characters of, 108, 118 
Metamorphism, definition of, 571; causes 
of, 572, 582; conditions required for, 
303; varying effects of, 303, 582, 586; 
experiments in, 300 
— examples of petrographical cha- 
racters of, 114, 118, 120, 124, 127, 128, 
129,134, 152, 159, 164 
produced by heated water, 298, 582; 


