SST sc 
INDEX, 
ranean course of, 355; proportion of rain- 
_ fall discharged by, 360; flow of, 362; 
floods of, 359; influence of drought on, 
359; typical course of, 362; fall or slope of, 
362 ; alleged deflection of by terrestrial 
rotation, 14; affected by earthquakes, 
272; differential velocity of, 3635; slope 
of for navigation, 363; geological work of, 
364; chemical action of, 364, 372; 
chemical composition of water of, 364; 
mechanical action of, 366; transporting 
power of, 367, 372; rafts of, 368; sedi- 
ment in water of, 369; excavating power 
of, 371, 922, 926; effects of lakes in 
filtering, 373, 385, 392; serpentine 
wendings of, 375; guided by geological 
structure, 375; waterfalls of, 375; 
gorges of, not mere fissures, 378; action 
of compared with that of atmospheric 
processes, 379; reproductive power of, 
379; alluvium formed by, 380; flood 
plains of, 383; terraces of, 383, 900; 
terraces of, connected with upheaval, 
900; paleeolithic alluvia of, 904; former 
greater volume of, 384, 898, 904; fill up 
lakes, 385, 393; bars of, 385; gorges 
and lake-like expansions in the courses 
of, 394; frozen, 368, 401; as indices of 
the denudation of a land surface, 442; 
action of beaver on, 455 
Rivers Pollution Commission, 349 
Ripple marks in blown sand, 323; in 
stratified rocks, 483, 911 
Rissoa, 856, 867 
Robulina, 795 
Roches moutonnées, 415, 888 
Rock-basins eroded by prolonged super- 
ficial disintegration, 337, 338, 417; 
scooped out by ice, 416, 888; filled by 
lakes, 392 
Rock-oil, 173 
Rock-salt, 111; and fire-wells, 236 ; super- 
ficial effects of removal of, 355 
Rocking-stones of granite districts, 337 
Rocks, feel and smell of, 93; specific 
gravity of, 93; magnetism of, 93; ther- 
mal conductivity of, 48; microscopic 
character of, 86; kinds of structure 
among, 86; composition of, 90; state of 
aggregation of, 91; transitional varieties 
of, 91; colour and lustre of, 91; micro- 
scopic structure of, 94, 102 
, detrital, 102, 105; Crystalline, 95, 
105, 109, 110; Semi-crystalline, 103; 
alteration of, 107; classification of, 108 ; 
Stratified (crystalline), 110; Schistose 
or Foliated, 118; Massive, 129; Frag- 
mental, Clastic, 153; Gravel and Sand, 
154; Clay, 160; Volcanic, 161 ; Organic, 
165; Sedimentary as an index of time, 
54 

, hypogene changes among, 288; 
capacity of for water, 299, 346 ; natural 
cements of, 309; effects of pressure on, 

963 
309; alteration of by underground 
water, 351 
Rocky Mountains, position of, 36, 40; 
structure of, 919; alluvial fans of, 381; 
erosive action of snow in, 403 
Roe, fossil, 898 
Rogenstein, 768 
Roofing-slate, 122 
Roots, influence of in formation of soil, 
339; wedge off slices of rock, 454; 
power of to penetrate downward, 454 
Rossberg, landslip at the, 358 
Rostellaria, 806, 840, 841* 
Rotalia, 804 
Rotation, effects of terrestrial, 13; possible 
peuuente of in the upheaval of land, 
85 
Rothliegendes, 756 
Rotted rock, thick accumulations of zn 
situ, 337 
Rottenstone, 112 
Rudistes, 806 
Rudistenkalk, 826 
Rugose corals, waning of, 804 
Rupelian beds, 859 
Rupture of rocks under pressure, 309 
Russia, efflorescences on soil of, 327; sand 
wastes of, 325; frozen rivers of, 369; 
steppes of, 397; exemption of from 
geological revolutions, 688, 704 ; Arch- 
gan rocks of, 644; Silurian, 688; De- 
vonian, 703; Carboniferous, 748; Per- 
mian, 757 
Rutile, artificial formation of, 302 
Sabal, 804, 838, 889*, 846, 855, 862 
Sabatino, Lago, temperature of, 392 
“Sables moyens” of Paris basin, 851 
Sabrina Island, a submarine volcano, 250, 
253 
Saccammina, 663, 722 
Sagenaria, 717 
Sagenopteris, 761 
Sahara, daily range of temperature in, 319; 
recent upheaval of, 325 
St. Cussian beds, 769 
St. Helena, 255 
St. Lawrence River, enfeebled erosion 
of, 373; rapids of, 374; ice action on, 
402 , 
St. Louis Group, 750 
St. Paul Island (Indian Ocean), 253, 255 
Sagenopteris, 828 
Sal-ammoniac at volcanoes, 202, 229 
Salenia, 805 
Saliferous composition, 90 
Salina Formation, 692 
Salisburia, 838, 868 
Salia, 803, 849, 884, 885* 
Salmien (Systéme), 658 
Salses, 234 
Salt-deposits, 111, 399; of Silurian age, 
661, 692, 693; Devonian, 704; Permian, 
751, 757; Triassic, 759, 765; Jurassic 
38 Q 2 
