LICHENS AND FUNGI OF OTAGO, NEW ZEALAND. 415 



are broadly and irregularly obovate above, 8-spored ; -0045'' long, and '0009'' to 

 •0012'' broad. The spores (fig. 16) are broadly ellipsoid or oval ; -0009" to -0012" 

 long, and '00045" to -0006" broad; 1-septate; olive or brown, according to age. 

 In the young state, and in young apothecia, no septum is visible (a) ; the spores 

 are polari-bilocular, as in L, peloleuca ; the locules connected or not by a median 

 canal ; and there is almost no colour, or a very faint olive. In old spores there is 

 generally a constriction opposite the septum (c), where they frequently split, 

 giving exit to a globose nucleus (c), about -00045" in diameter, which is either 

 colourless, or of a faint lemon-yellow tint. Sometimes the spores are seen in the 

 process of elongation at both ends preparatory to germination (d). 



15. Placopsis perrugosa, Nyl., Lick. N.Z., 250 (fig. 17). 



On basaltic boulders, top of Kaikorai Hill (1092 feet); associated frequently 

 with P. gelida, L., to which it has a close affinity, and for which it may readily be 

 mistaken. 



The thallus is greyish or brownish, thick, and crustaceous, consisting of, or 

 divided into, a series of pulvinuli or isidiiform cushions, arranged, especially 

 peripherally, in sublinear rows, having a general resemblance, in this respect, to 

 the thallus of Lecanora ventosa, Ach. When sterile, it generally bears cephalodia 

 resembling those of P. gelida. It is one of the saxicolous lichens, whose thallus 

 is apt to occur sterile, and isidiiferous or sorediiferous. 



The apothecia are closely crowded, assuming various angulose forms from 

 mutual pressure. The disk is of a port- wine-red colour, assuming a more bril- 

 liant pink or crimson under moisture ; and in this respect also — the characters of 

 the apothecia — the plant resembles L. ventosa. Its spoils (fig. 17), however, are 

 very different. They are ellipsoid-oblong, simple, colourless, generally with 

 double contour (b) ; -0006" long, and 00045" broad, arranged in a linear series, 

 eight in each theca: in riband-shaped thecce, 0045" long, and -00045" broad, 

 which give, as does the hymenial lichenine, a beautiful blue colour with iodine. 



The disk of the apothecium is occasionally the seat of the parasitic Micro- 

 thelia perrugosaria, nov. sp., described in the 3d section (Fungo-Lichenes). 



16. OpegrapJia subeffigurans, Nyl., Lick. N.Z., 258 (fig. 18). 



On the bark of the " Totara" pine [Podocarpus Totara, A. Cunn.), Greenisland 

 Bush ; associated with A rthonia platygraphella, Nyl. 



The parapliyses, as in all the New Zealand Opegraphce, are delicate, filiform, 

 indistinct, without coloured, clavate heads. The hymenial lichenine gives a yellow 

 or pale wine-red tinge, with iodine ; the tkecw a very pale blue. The latter are 

 ventricose ; 0021" to -0030" long, and -0006" to -0009" broad ; 8-spored. The spores 

 (fig. 18) are ellipsoid-oblong, dark-brown, 1-septate, -0006" to -0008" long, and 

 •00025" to -0003" broad. In the old state, there is frequently a constriction oppo- 



VOL XXIV. PART II. 5 U 



