LICHENS AND FUNGI OF OTAGO, NEW ZEALAND. 451 



the rudimentary condition (protothalline), they are flat, dendritiforra maculae ; 

 while, in the old state, from coalescence of sori, they also assume the condition 

 of difform, flattened maculae or blotches. At no stage of growth did I observe 

 that division into separate, though agglomerated perithecia, which are described 

 by Tulasne as characteristic of the genus ; the surface of the sori is smoothish 

 and uniform as in the apothecia of Arthonia. The maculoeform condition fre- 

 quently resembles various species of Dothidea (Fungi). Sometimes the maculae, 

 which are usually distinctly raised and epithalline, are sub-saccate, like the 

 apothecia of Solorina saccata, Ach.; seated in a depression or pit of the thallus, 

 and surrounded by an indistinct, raised, spurious thalline border. The maculae 

 vary greatly in size — the sterile rudimentary or degenerate, especially compound 

 or confluent, ones being the larger. The latter especially have a decided Fungoid 

 aspect. Fertile and sterile forms generally do not occur on the same thallus ; 

 hence, while spores are common and distinct in Hepp's exs. 589, they are with 

 difficulty discovered or seen in No. 372. The hymenium, as examined especially 

 in No. 589, whose constituents are extremely indistinct in the absence of any 

 reagent, gives no blue reaction with iodine ; but the paraphyses, which are 

 closely aggregated and indistinct, acquire at their tips, which are naturally pale 

 brown, a deep brownish red (Port wine) colour, or a violet red — sometimes very 

 intense — which extends frequently to the thecae and throughout the hymenium. 

 The thecce are 8-spored; short; sub-saccate; -0018' long, •00045" to 0006" broad ; 

 their protoplasm in the young state is very granular. The spores are solaeform 

 (1-septate), as in Abrothallus Usnece; 0G045" long, -00022" broad; but they are 

 colourless or pale yellow. Under iodine, the epispore becomes more easily 

 distinguished from the contained loculi, which are most distinct without the 

 addition of any reagent, and which resemble somewhat those of the spores of 

 various forms of Verrucaria epidermidis, Ach. The spores must be looked for 

 in the youngish, or mature, regularly formed, spherical, convex sori. The same 

 Sticta (S. aurata) in Sch^erer's exs. 558, and in my Herb, from Rio Janeiro, 

 Paul, shows on its thallus a few irregular flattish maculse, devoid of repro- 

 ductive structure, and probably in their rudimentary or protothalline condition ; 

 apparently referable to Celidium Pelvetii. 



5. Celidium Stictarum, Tul.; Mem. Lich. p. 121, plate i. fig. 17 c. and plate 14, 

 figs. 5-8 (var. pleurocarpa, Ach., of Sticta pulmonacea, Ach.: "apothecia Fungosa 

 abnormia " — of S. pulmonacea — Wallr. and Fr. ; Dothidea Lichenum, Smrf. ; 

 Sphceria Stictarum, De Not.) Affects the apothecia (disk or epithecium) and the 

 apotheciiform cephalodia of Sticta pulmonacea. Ach. Nylander refers the 

 parasite to the Fungi ; but points out its affinity to certain species of Arthonia 

 (e.g. A. varians, Dav., and A. Abrothallina, Nyl., Prodr. 52, Syn. U52). The 

 parasite covers the apothecia with an irregular black crust, which consists of 

 considerable numbers of closely aggregated perithecia, sub-confluent, having in 



VOL. XXIV. PART II. 6 F 



