THE FECUNDITY AND FERTILITY OF WOMEN. 480 



For another country 



)8' = V F' = e V F, 



where e is the ratio of the fertility of the second race to that of the first. These 

 equations give 



e = 



& 2,uF 



j8 2/t'F 



where the absolute fertility of either country is no longer involved, so that we 

 may employ for the values of F the expressions in § 4, or those in § 8. 



16. Example. — From the Registrar Generals' Reports for England and Scot- 

 land last published, we extract the following data : — 





England, 1864. 



Scotland, 18G2. 



No. of Marriages, 

 Legitimate Births, . 



180,387 

 692,827 



20,597 

 96,693 



Percentage of marriages 



of women in 1862 at the ages — 













15-20 



20-25 



25-30 



30-35 



35-40 



40-45 



45-50 



England, 



1360 



49-74 



19-55 



7-28 



3-89 



267 



1-57 



Scotland, 



13-07 



46-28 



24-13 



8 54 



4-36 



2 03 



0-95 



And we assume, in 



accordance with §§ 4 and 8 — - 











F proportional to 



12-0 89 6-0 



37 



20 



0-6 



0.1 



20 597 

 This gives 2/tF = ^ [12 x 13-07 + 8-9 x 46 28 + . 



Also 

 Hence 



= 20,597 x 7-55 for Scotland. 



2/*'F = 180 ; 387 x 7 595 for England. 



692,827 20,597 7'55 

 e ~ 96,693 " 180,387 ' 7^595 _ ° 8l2 " early - 



A more accurate comparison would be obtained by employing the average 

 number of marriages at various ages for five or ten consecutive years, instead of 

 those in any one year, as above, which are liable to considerable fluctuations. But 

 we have not data enough. It would appear, then, that the absolute fertility of the 

 mass of married women in England is only about 80 per cent, of that in Scotland. 



That the fertility is less in England than in Scotland has been shown by the 

 Registrar-General for Scotland (Report 1866). But he makes the ratio consider- 

 ably greater than the preceding estimate. 



It is to be observed that if the insinuations we sometimes hear about 



VOL. XXIV. PART II. 6 Q 



