ORES OF COPPER. 143 
) 
or ‘‘ green carbonate of copper,” chrysocolla or ‘‘ silicate,” cuprite ox 
“‘red oxide of copper ;” and occasionally tenorite or ‘‘ black copper.” 
The principal copper regions, exclusive of the American, are as 
follows. The Cornwall and Devon, Kngland, where the cre is mostly 
chalcopyrite ; about Mansfeld, in Prussia, having the ore distributed 
through a bed of red shale in the Permian (Kupferschiefer), about 
eighteen inches thick, making about 2; per cent. of the bed; the 
Urals on their western slope, in the Permian, as in Mansfeld ; also 
more productively on the eastern side of the Urals, at the Nischne 
Tagilsk and Bogoslowskoi mines, in Silurian limestone where tra- 
versed by eruptive rocks, and at the Gumeschewskoi mine, in argil- 
laceous shale, the ore chiefly malachite and cuprite ; in France, at 
Chessy, near Lyons, of malachite and azurite, now of little value ; in 
Norway, at Alten, and in Sweden, at Fahlun; in Hungary, at Schem- 
nitz, Kremnitz, Kapnik, and the Banat ; in Italy, at Monte Catini ; in 
Spain, in the province of Huelva, where is the Rio Tinto mine, which 
affords chalcopyrite, and also the sulphate (p. 1388); in Portugal. at 
San Domingo, near the mouth of the Guadiana ; in Algeria, Turkey, 
China, Japan, Cape of Good Hope; in South Australia, where are 
three prominent mines, the Burra, Wallaroo, and Moonta, their yield 
in 1875, £451,500 ; New South Wales, the yield in 1875, about 6,000 
tons, the value £508,800. 
In South America, in Chili, in the vicinity of Copiapo, and less 
abundantly at other places to the south ; in Bolivia, also in Peru, and 
the Argentine Republic, but not much developed. In Cuba, but much 
less productive than formerly. 
In Eastern North America, some copper has been afforded by the 
Triassic of New Jersey and the Connecticut Valley, but there are no 
producing mines. Corinth, Vermont, and the Hiwassee mine, Ten- 
nessee, are worked. The chief sources of copper are the veins of 
Northern Michigan, near Lake Superior. The veins are connected with 
trap-dikes intersecting a red Lower Silurian sandstone as stated on 
page 131. The first discoveries of copper ore were made at Copper 
Harbor. Near Fort Wilkins the black oxide was afterward found in a 
large deposit, and 40,000 pounds of this ore were shipped to Boston. 
On further exploration in the trap, the Cliff mine, 25 miles to the 
westward, was laid open, where the largest masses of native copper 
have been found, and which still proves to be highly productive. 
Other veins have since been opened in various parts of the region, at 
Eagle Harbor, Eagle River, Grand Marais, Lac La Belle, Agate Harbor, 
Torch Lake, on the Ontonagon, in the Porcupine Mountains, and else- 
where. The country north of Lakes Superior and Huron, Isle Royale 
and the Michipicoton Islands, in Lake Superior, also afford copper ores, 
and the vicinity of Quebec at the Acton and Harvey Hill mines, in rocks 
referred to the Quehec formation. 
In Western North America, in Arizona, there are large veins of 
copper north of the Gila, on the borders of New Mexico, where are 
the Santa Rita and Hanover mines, and the ores are cuprite, chalco- 
cite, malachite ; there are rich veins also in Colorado, especially in 
_ Gilpin and Park counties, in Nevada, and California. 
The amount of copper produced in 1872, is stated as follows by 
J. Arthur Phillips (Elements of Mctallurgy) : 
