158 DESCRIPTIONS OF MINERALS. 
Composition. Zn, O, Si+aq. = Silica 25:0, zine oxide 67'5, 
water 75=100. | 
B.B. alone it is almost infusible. JForms a clear glass 
with borax. In heated sulphuric acid it dissolves, and the 
solution gelatinizes on cooling. 
Diff. Differs from caicite and aragonite by its action with 
acids ; from a salt of lead, or any zeolite, by its infusibility ; 
from chalcedony by its inferior hardness, and its gelatiniz- 
ing with heated sulphuric acid; and from smithsonite by 
not effervescing with acids, and by the rectangular aspect of 
its crystals over a drusy surface. 
Obs. Occurs with calamine. Im the United States it is 
found at Vallée’s Diggings, Mo.; at the Perkiomen and 
Pheenixville lead mines; on the Susquehanna, opposite 
Selinsgrove ; at Friedensville in Saucon Valley, two miles 
from Bethlehem, Pa., with massive blende. Abundantly at 
Austin’s Mincs, Wythe County, Va. Valuable as an ore of zine. - 

Hopeite is a rare mineral occurring in grayish-white crystals or mas- 
sive, with calamine, and supposed to be a hydrous zine-phosphate. 
Franklinite, an ore of iron, manganese and zinc, is described under 
iron, on page 179. 
General Remarks.—The metal zine (spelter of commerce) is supposed 
to have been unknown in the metallic state to the Greeks and Romans. 
It has been long worked in China, and was formerly imported in large 
quantities by the East India Company. _ 
The principal mining regions of zinc in the world are in Upper Sile- 
sia, at 'larnowitz and elsewhere ; in Poland ; in Carinthia, at Raibel and 
Bleiberg ; in Netherlands at Limberg; at Altenberg, near Aix-la- 
Chapelle in the Prussian province of the Lower Rhine; in England, 
in Derbyshire, Alstonmoor, Mendip Hills, etc.; in the Altai in Russia ; 
besides others in China, of which little is known. In the United 
States, smithsonite and calamine occur with the lead of the West in 
large quantities. They were formerly considered worthless and thrown 
aside, under the name of ‘dry bone.” In Tennessee, Claiborne 
County, there are workable mines of the same ores. Calamine occurs 
at Friedensville, Pennsylvania, along with massive blende: the bed 
has been, but is not now worked. The zincite, wiJlemite, and frank- 
linite of Franklin, New Jersey, are together worked as a zine ore, 
and both zine and zine oxide are produced. Blende is sufficiently abun- 
dant to be worked at the Wurtzboro’ lead mine, Sullivan County, New 
York ; at Eaton and Warren, in New Hampshire ; at Lubec, in Maine ; 
at Austin’s Mine, Wythe County, Virginia, and at some of the Missouri 
lead mines. 
The amount of zine produced in 1872, in Europe, was about 45,745 
tons for Belgium ; 55,744 for Germany ; 3,900 for Austria : 15,000 for 
Great Britain ; 4,400 for Franee; 4,400 for Spain: making the total 
amount 128,289 tons. In the United States the amount of zinc made 
in 1875 was about 15,000 tons ; of zinc oxide, 8,500 tons. 
