IRON. 181 
Limonite.--_Brown Hematite. 
Usually massive, and often with a smooth botryoidal or 
stalactitic surface, having a compact fibrous structure with- 
in. Also earthy. 
Color dark brown and black to ochre-yellow ; streak yellow- 
ish brown to dull yellow. Lustre sometimes submetallic ; 
often dull and earthy; on a surface of fracture frequently 
silky. H.=5-5°%. G.=3:6-4. 
The following are the principal varieties : 
Brown hematite. 'The botryoidal, stalactitic and asso- 
ciated compact ore. 3 
Brown ochre, Yellow ochre. Harthy ochreous varieties, of 
a brown or yellow color. | 
Brown and Yellow clay tron stone. Impure ore, hard and 
compact, of a brown or yellow color. : 
Bog iron ore. A loose earthy ore of a brownish-black 
‘color, occurring in low grounds. 
Composition. EeO,H,(=2Fe0,+3H,0)=Iron sesqui- 
oxide 85°6, water 14°4=100; or it is a hydrous iron ses- 
quioxide, containing, when pure, about two-thirds its weight 
of pure iron. B.B. blackens and becomes magnetic; with 
borax in the outer flame a yellow glass. 
Diff. This is a much softer ore than either of the two 
preceding, and is peculiar in its frequent stalactitic forms, 
and in its affording water when heated in a glass tube. 
Obs. Occurs connected with rocks of all ages, but ap- 
pears, as shown by the stalactitic and other forms, to have 
resulted in all cases from the decomposition of other iron 
ores. 
An abundant ore in the United States. Extensive beds 
exist in Salisbury and Kent, Conn., also in the neighboring 
towns of Beekman, Fishkill, Dover, Amenia, N. Y.; also in 
a similar situation north, in Richmond and West Stock- 
bridge, Mass. ; also in Bennington, Monkton, Pittsford, 
Putney, and Ripton, Vermont. Large beds are found in 
Pennsylvania, the Carolinas, near the Missouri Iron Moun- 
tains, and also in Tennessee, Iowa and Wisconsin. 
This is one of the most valuable ores of iron. The limo- 
nite of Western New Eneland, and that along the same’ 
range geologically in Dutchess County, New York, Eastern 
Pennsylvania, and beyond, is remarkably free from phos- 
phorus, and hence is highly valued for its iron. Bog ores 
