382 DETERMINATION OF MINERALS, 
The series of crystallized minerals, constituting the scale 
of hardness (see page 63). Diamond and tale are least es- 
sential. 
Cutting pliers, for removing chips of a mineral for blow- 
pipe or chemical assay. 
A pocket-lens. 
A hammer weighing about two pounds, resembling a 
stone-cutter’s hammer, haying a 
flat face, and at the opposite 
end an edge having the same 
direction as the handle. ‘The 
handle should be made of the 
best hickory, and the mortise to 
receive it should be as large as the handle. A foot scale 
should be marked on the handle of the hammer, divided 
into inches, the smallest divisions needed. It will be often 
of use in getting out a yard-stick, or a ten-foot pole, for 
large measurements. A similar hammer, having the upper 
part prolonged to a blunt poimt, to be used like a pick, is 
often convenient. 
A hammer of half a pound weight, like the figure, to be 
used in trimming specimens. 
A small jeweler’s hammer, for trying the malleability of 
globules obtained by the blowpipe, and for other purposes, 
and a small piece of steel for an anvil. 
T'wo steel chisels, one six inches long, and the other three. 
When it is desired to pry open seams in rocks with the 
larger chisel, two pieces of steel plate should be provided to 
place on opposite sides of the chisel, after an opening Is ob- 
tained; this protects the chisel and diminishes friction 
while driving it. 
For blasting, if this is desired : 
Three hand-drills 18, 24, and 36 inches long, an inch in 
diameter. The bes! form is a square bar of steel, with a 
diagonal edge at one end. ‘The three are designed to follow 
one another. 
A sledge-hammer of six or eight pounds weight, to use 
in driving the drill. 
A sledge-hammer of ten or twelve pounds weight, for 
breaking up the blasted rock. , 
A wound iron spoon, at the end of a wire fifteen or eigh- 
teen inches long, for removing the pulverized rock from the 
drill-hole. 










