80 



CARBON. 



Mineral waters vary much in constitution. They oftt a 

 contain carbonate of iron, like those of Saratoga and Balls- 

 town, and are then called chalybeate waters, from the ancient 

 name for iron or steel, chalybs, derived from the name of a 

 country on the Baltic. The water of Congress Spring, ac- 

 cording to Dr. Steel, contains in a pint, chlorid of sodium 

 48*1, bicarbonate of magnesia 12 '0, carbonate of lime 12*3 

 carbonate of iron 0*6, silica 0'2, iodid of sodium nearly 0.5 

 with a trace of bromid of potash ; of carbonic acid 39*0 cubi 

 inches and nearly 1 cubic inch of atmospheric air. 



Minute traces of salts of zinc and arsenic, lead, copper 

 antimony and tin, have been found in some waters. What 

 ever is soluble in a region through which waters flow, will of 

 course be taken up by them, and many ingredients are 

 soluble in minute proportions, which are usually described 

 as insoluble. 



CLASS III.— CARBON AND COMPOUNDS OF 

 CARBON. 



Carbon occurs crystallized in the diamond. In a massive 

 form, and more or less pure state, it constitutes the various 

 kinds of mineral coal. Combined with hydrogen, or hydro- 

 gen and oxygen, it forms bitumen, amber, and a number of 

 native mineral resins. 



DIAMOND. 



Monometric. -In octahedrons, dodecahedrons and more 

 complex forms. Faces often curved, as in the annexed 

 figures. Cleavage octahedral ; highly perfect. 



12 3 4 



A 





^mm 



Color white or colorless ; also yellowish, red, orange, 



What are chalybeate waters? What is the difference between the 

 diamond and charcoal] What is the crystallization of the diamond] 

 What other characters are mentioned '? 



