GOLD. 315 



of which was from Siberia, cast of the Urals. In 1843, the 

 yield was nearly 60,000 pounds troy, or about $13,000,000 ; 

 in 1845 it amounted to $13,250,000; and in 1846, to 1722*746 

 poods, equal to 75,353 troy pounds, and $16,500,000.* 



At the Transylvania mines of Vorospatak, the gold is ob- 

 tained by mining, and these mines have been worked since 

 the time of the Romans. 



The annual yield of Europe, exclusive of Russia, is not 

 above $1,000,000. Austria afforded in 1844, 6785 ma ks. 

 The sands of the Rhone, Rhine and Danube contain *uid in 

 small quantities. The Rhine has been most productive be- 

 tween Bale and Manheim ; but at present only $9000 are 

 extracted annually, The sands of the richest quality contain 

 only about 56 parts of gold in a hundred millions : sands 

 containing less than half this proportion are worked. The 

 whole amount of gold in the auriferous sand of the Rhine 

 is estimated at $30,000,000, but it is mostly covered by soil 

 under cultivation. 



Africa yields annually at least 4500 pounds troy, ($850,000,) 

 and Southern Asia and the East Indies 25,000 pounds. 



The mines of. South America and Mexico were estimated 

 by Humboldt to )ield annually about $11,500,000 ; but the 

 amount is now not over $10,000,000. Brazil of late has 

 iurnished about 6000 pounds troy ; New Grenada, etc., 

 15,000 ; Peru 1900; Bolivia 1200; Chili 3000; in all for 

 South America 27,100 pounds. Mexico yields about 10,000 

 pounds annually. It is estimated that between 1790 and 1830, 

 Mexico produced $31,250,000 in gold, Chili $13,450,000, 

 and Buenos Ayres $19,500,000, making an average annual 

 yield of $16,050,000. 



The whole product of Europe, Asia, Africa and South 

 America, is not far from 125,000 pounds troy, annually ; and 

 this is far less than is derived at the present time from either 

 Australia or the United States. 



The gold mines of Australia afford at this time about ^ 



What amount was furnished by Russia in 1846 1 What is the annual 

 field of the other mines of Europe 1 



* The value of gold, silver and platinum, coined in Russia from 1644 

 to 1844, at present rates equals 545,360,317 silver -ubles, or 4f 9,020,000 

 dollars, in addition to which, during the same period, the value of 

 37,500,000 dollars in copper was coined. 



