viii CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER IV. 



OBJECTION THAT THE AIR AT THE EQUATOR IS NOT HOTTER 

 IN JANUARY THAN IN JULY. 



PAGE 



Influence of the present distribution of Land and Water. — The 

 Summer of the Southern Hemisphere colder than that of the 

 Northern. — Influence of the Trade Winds on the Tempera- 

 ture of the Equator, 59 



CHAPTER V. 



THE ICE OF GREENLAND AND THE ANTARCTIC CONTINENT NOT 

 DUE TO ELEVATION OF THE LAND. 



Greenland; attempts to Penetrate into the Interior. — No Moun- 

 tain Ranges in the Interior. — The Fohn of Greenland. — 

 Antarctic Regions. — Character of the Icebergs. — Sir Joseph 

 Dalton Hooker and Professor Shaler on the Antarctic Ice. — 

 On the Argument against the Existence of a South-Polar 

 Ice-Cap. — Thickness of Ice not dependent on Amount of 

 Snowfall, . . 64 



CHAPTER VI. 



EXAMINATION OF MR. ALFRED R. WALLACE'S MODIFICATION OF 

 THE PHYSICAL THEORY OF SECULAR CHANGES OF CLIMATE. 



Effect of Winter Solstice in Aphelion. — The Star Storage of 

 Cold. — Highland and heavy Snowfall in Relation to the 

 Glacial Epoch. — The only Continental Ice on the Globe pro- 

 bably on Lowlands. — Modification of Theory Examined. — 

 General Statement of the Theory. — Points of Agreement, . 82 



