CHAPTER XI. 



INTERGLACIAL PERIODS IN ARCTIC REGIONS. 



Interglacial Periods in Arctic Regions more marked than Glacial. — 

 Evidence from the Mammoth in Siberia. — Northern Siberia 

 much Warmer during the Mammoth Epoch than now. — Evi- 

 dence from Wood. — Evidence from Shells. — The Mammoth 

 Interglacial. — Main Characteristics of Interglacial Climate. — 

 Evidence from the Mammoth in Europe. — The Mammoth 

 Glacial as well as Interglacial. — Arctic America during Inter- 

 glacial Times. — Was Greenland Free from Ice during any of the 

 Interglacial Periods ? 



In Chapter VIII. of the present volume, and also in 

 ' Climate and Time ' (Chapter XVI.), it was pointed 

 out that in temperate regions the cold periods of 

 the Glacial Epoch would be far more marked than 

 the warm interglacial periods. In temperate regions 

 the condition of things which prevailed during the 

 cold periods would differ far more widely from that 

 which now prevails than would the condition of 

 things during the warm periods. But as regards 

 the polar regions the reverse would be the case ; 

 there the warm interglacial periods would be more 

 marked than the cold periods. The condition of 

 things prevailing in these regions during the warm 

 periods would be in strongest contrast to what now 

 obtains ; but this would not hold true in reference 

 to the cold periods, during which matters would 

 be pretty much the same as at present, only 

 somewhat more severe. In short, the glacial 



