ARCTIC INTERCLACIAL PERIODS. 179 



Had the remains of the mammoth been carried down 

 from the far south by the Siberian rivers, they would 

 have been found mainly, if not exclusively, on the 

 banks of the long rivers, such as the Obi, Yenissei, 

 and the Lena, and in the deltas formed at their 

 mouths. But such is not the case. "These are," 

 says Mr. Howorth, " found even more abundantly on 

 the banks of the very short rivers east of the Lena. 

 They are found not only on the deltas of these rivers, 

 but far away to the north, in the islands of New 

 Siberia, beyond the reach of the currents of the small 

 rivers, whose mouths are opposite those islands. But 

 a more convincing proof is that " they are found not 

 only in North Central Siberia, where the main 

 arteries of the country flow, but in great numbers 

 east of the river Lena, and in the vast peninsula of 

 the Chukchi, in the country of the Yukagirs, and in 

 Kamtskatka, where there are no rivers down which 

 they could have floated from more temperate regions." 

 Besides, it is not merely in the deltas and banks of 

 rivers that the remains are found, but in nearly all 

 parts of the open tundra; and Wrangell says* that 

 the best as well as the greatest number of remains are 

 found at a certain depth below the surface in clay- 

 hills, and more in those of some elevation than along 

 the low coast or in the flat tundra. 



Had the mammoth lived in the south we should, as 

 Mr. Howorth further remarks, have found its remains 

 most abundant in the south, whereas the farther north 

 we go the remains become more abundant ; and in the 

 islands of the Liachof archipelago, in about latitude 

 74°, the greatest quantities have been discovered. 

 Again, according to Hedenstrom, the bones and tusks 

 found in the north are not so large and heavy as those 



* "Polar Sea Expedition," English translation, p. 27o. 



