186 DISCUSSIONS IN CLIMATOLOGY. 



tion from high winds resulted from the fact that the 

 difference of temperature between the equator and the 

 poles, the primary cause of the winds, was much less 

 than at the present day. 



5. Another character of interglacial climate was a 

 higher mean temperature than now prevails. This, 

 amongst other causes, resulted from the great amount 

 of heat then transferred by ocean-currents from the 

 glacial to the interglacial hemisphere. 



6. During interglacial periods the climate was not 

 only more equable, mild, and uniform than now, but it 

 was also more moist. This was, doubtless, owing 

 mainly to the fact of the presence then in temperate 

 and polar regions of so large an amount of warm 

 intertropical water. In short, it was the presence of 

 so much warm water from intertropical regions which 

 mainly gave to the climate of the interglacial periods 

 its peculiar character. 



All these characteristics of interglacial climate have 

 been fully established by the facts of geology, but they 

 are also, as we have seen, deducible a priori from 

 physical principles. They follow as necessary conse- 

 quences from those physical agencies which brought 

 about the glacial epoch. 



Evidence from the Mammoth in Europe. — Skeletons 

 and detached remains of the mammoth have been found 

 in nearly every country in Europe. Mr. Howorth, in 

 his memoir,* gives the details of the finding of these 

 in various parts of Russia, Germany, Denmark, 

 Sweden, Belgium, France, England, and other coun- 

 tries. It is shown that the conditions under which 

 the mammoth remains have been found in Europe are 

 almost identically the same as those under which they 

 are found in Siberia, with the exception, of course, 

 * "Geol. Mag.," May, 1881. 



