270 DISCUSSIONS IF COSMOLOGY. 



completely removed from the south side of the fault 

 previous to the deposition of the Carboniferous Lime- 

 stone series and the Coal-measures that not a fragment 

 of them is anywhere to be seen between these latter 

 formations and the old Silurian floor." This enormous 

 thickness of nearly 3 miles of Old Red Sandstone must 

 have been denuded away during the period which 

 intervened between the deposition of the Lower Old 

 Red Sandstone and the accumulation of the Carboni- 

 ferous Limestone. 



Near Tipperary, in the south of Ireland, there is a 

 dislocation of the strata of not less than 4000 feet,* 

 which brings down the coal-measures against the 

 silurian rocks. Here 1000 feet of Old Red Sandstone, 

 3000 feet of Carboniferous Limestone, and 800 feet of 

 Coal-measures have been removed by denudation off 

 the Silurian rocks. Not only has this immense thick- 

 ness of beds been carried away, but the Silurian itself 

 on which they rested has been eaten down in some 

 places into deep valleys several hundreds of feet below 

 the surface on which the Old Red Sandstone rested. 



Faults to a similar extent abound on the Continent 

 and in America, but they have not been so minutely 

 examined as in this country. In the valley of 

 Thessolon, to the north of Lake Huron, there is a 

 dislocation of the strata to the extent of 9000 feet. •(* 



In front of the Chilowee Mountains there is a 

 vertical displacement of the strata of more than 

 10,000 feet. J Prof. H. D. Rogers found in the 

 Appalachian coal-fields faults ranging from 5000 feet 

 to more than 10,000 feet of displacement. 



There are other modes than the foregoing by means 



* Jukes's and Geikie's " Manual of Geology," p. 441. 



t " Geology of Canada, 1863," p. 61. 



% Safford's "Geology of Tennessee," p. 309. 



