Phytologia (Aug 2004) 86(2) 6 1 



7b. Areoles on pericarpel naked. 



8a. Stems columnar or epiphytic, seeds always 

 with conjunct hilum-micropylar region, 

 American or Caribbean Rhipsalidoideae 



8b. Stems globular or short cylindrical (Astrophytum, 

 Echinocactus, Sclerocactus papyracantha) or barrel 

 shaped (Ferocactus, Echinocactus), never epiphytic, 

 seeds usually with disjunct hilum and micropyle, 

 restricted to North America Cactoideae 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 



Sincere thanks are extended to James P. Reveal for pointing out 

 early valid names of subfamilies, to Paul Fryxell for correcting the Latin 

 descriptions, and to Miles Anderson for supplying living material of 

 Blossfeldia liliputana used in molecular studies. Many thanks go to Jose 

 L. Panero for helpful discussions and improvements to this contribution, 

 and to Jim Henrickson for helpful comments in review. 



LITERATURE CITED 



Backeberg, C. 1958. Die Cactaceae Vol.1. Gustav Fischer, Jena. 638p. 



Backeberg, C. 1966. Cactus Lexicon. Blandford Press, Dorset. 828p. 



Baily, I.W. 1968. Comparative anatomy of the leaf-bearing Cactaceae 

 XVII. Preliminary observations on the problem of transitions from 

 broad to terete leaves. J. Arnold Arbor. 49: 370-376. 



Barthlott, W. 1 988. Uber die systematischen Gliederungen der Cactaceae. 

 Beitr. Biol. Pflanz. 63:17-40. 



