62 Appendix, 



of some adjacent area a climate like to that to which 

 the species has been habituated." — Herbert Spencer: 



Principles of Biology^ vol. i., page 428. 



'' Since in other periods we know that life was al- 

 ways present when its conditions were present, it is 

 not unreasonable to look for the first traces of life 

 in this formation (the lower Laurentian), in which 

 we find for the first time the completion of those 

 arrangements which make life, in such forms of it as 

 exist on our planet, possible." — Dr. J. W. Dawson : 

 Retiring address as President of the American Associa- 

 tion for the Advancement of Science^ 1883. 



'•'As so many animals are dependent on vegetation, 

 its changes immediately afl:ect their distribution." — 

 Alfred Russel Wallace : Distribution of Animals^ 

 vol. i., page 43. ' 



*' There are few, I presume, who reflect on the sub- 

 ject that will not readily admit that, whether as regards 

 the great physical changes which are taking place on 

 the surface of the globe, or as regards the growth and 

 distribution of plant and animal life, the ordinary cli- 

 matic agents are the real agents at work, and that 

 compared with them all other agencies sink into in- 

 significance," — Croll's Climate and Time. 



" Even in the arctic zone there were in the miocene 

 great forests of beach, oak, poplar, walnut, and red- 



