LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



XIX 



FIG. 

 6 9 . 

 70. 



7i- 



72. 



73- 

 74- 

 75- 

 76. 



77- 

 78. 



79- 

 80. 

 81. 



82. 



$3- 

 84. 



85. 



87. 

 88. 

 89. 

 90. 

 91. 

 92. 

 93- 

 94- 

 95- 



96. 



97- 

 98. 

 99. 



100. 



101. 



102. 



103. 



104. 



105. 



Modern shell limestone (Coquina) from Florida . 

 Ancient limestone composed of various kinds of organisms 

 Rock from Pourtales plateau .... 

 Map of marine deposits in the western Atlantic 

 Foraminiferal ooze, x 20 . 



Pteropod ooze, x 4 



Diatom ooze. X 150 . 



Chalk from Kansas. X 45 . 



Section in coal measures of western Pennsylvania 



Sections near Colorado Springs 



Cross-bedded sandstone .... 



Ripple marks on a modern sea beach . 



Wave marks and rain prints, modern sandy beach 



Rill marks on modern sandy beach 



Sun cracks in sandstone .... 



Markings by marine worms, modern 



Tracks of land animal and sun-cracks on slab of sandstone 



Large concretions, weathered out of sandstone, near Fort Buford 



Montana 



Ironstone concretion, Mazon Creek, Illinois 



Clinometer 



Diagram explanatory of dip measurement 



Anticline on the Potomac, Maryland 



Anticlinal limb of fold .... 



Synclinal limb of fold .... 



Anticlinorium; section through the Appalachian Mountains 



Synclinorium, Mt. Greylock, Massachusetts . 



Diagrams of folds : 1. Upright or symmetrical open folds. 2. Asym 



metrical fold, open. 3. Asymmetrical fold, closed and over 



turned. 4. Symmetrical fold, closed. 5. Closed anticline 



overturned. 6. Closed anticline, recumbent 

 Asymmetrical open fold, High Falls, Ulster County, N.Y 

 Symmetrical closed anticline, near Quebec, Canada 

 Closed, recumbent folds, Doe River, Tennessee 

 Inclined isoclinal folds, eroded 

 Diagram of monoclinal fold . . 

 Section through faulted beds .... 

 Normal fault of small throw in horizontal strata 

 Strata bent upward near the fault plane . 

 Abert Lake, Oregon. The line of cliffs is a fault scarp 

 Effect of strike fault on outcrop .... 



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