DIP FAULTS 



251 



shows this scarp removed by denudation and the two sides planed 

 down to the same level. 

 It is here seen that, 

 on the downthrow side, 

 the outcrop is shifted 

 in a direction opposite 

 to the dip of the beds, 

 or, what amounts to the 

 same thing, on the up- 

 throw side, it is shifted 

 in the direction of the 

 dip. The amount of 

 shifting will evidently 

 increase with the throw 

 of the fault, but dimin- 

 ish as the dip of the 

 beds increases. 



When a dip fault 

 cuts across eroded 

 folds, the distance be- 

 tween the outcrops of 

 the same stratum on 

 the two limbs of an 

 anticline is increased 

 on the upthrow side, 

 diminished on the 

 downthrow side ; in 

 the synclines this ar- 

 rangement is reversed. 

 This is because on the 

 upthrow side the sur- 

 face of the ground cuts 

 the beds at a lower 

 stratigraphic level than 

 on the downthrow, and 

 as the limbs of an anti- 



FlG. 107. — Model showing effect of dip fault on 

 outcrop. I, before faulting; II, with fault scarp 

 standing; III, with fault scarp removed by denuda- 

 tion. 



