558 



INDEX 



Earth's interior, hypotheses concerning, 

 33 I physical state of, 32 ; temperature 

 of, 31. 



Earthquakes, 61; causes of, 64; distri- 

 bution of, 61 ; effects of, 63 ; phenom- 

 ena of, 62. 



Earthworms, geological work of, 123. 



Echinodermata, Cambrian, 372 ; Car- 

 boniferous, 422 ; Cretaceous, 487; De- 

 vonian, 400; Eocene, 502; Jurassic, 

 464; Mesozoic, 441; Ordovician, 380; 

 Palaeozoic, 367, 381; Permian, 432; 

 Silurian, 390 ; Triassic, 450. 



Echinoderms, modern deposits of, 

 171. 



Echinoidea, Carboniferous, 424; Creta- 

 ceous, 487; Devonian, 400; Eocene, 

 502; Jurassic, 464; Mesozoic, 441; 

 Ordovician, 380; Palaeozoic, 367, 390; 

 Silurian, 390; Triassic, 450. 



Edentata, 523. 



Elephants, fossil, 522, 538; frozen car- 

 cases of, 345. 



Elements of earth's crust, 8. 



Elevation of land, 65 ; causes of, 68 ; 

 evidences of, 66. 



Elk Mountains, 284, 338. 



EULptocephalus, 373*. 



Elm, landslip of, 92. 



Elms, fossil, 486, 502, 515, 516. 



Elotherium, 509. 



Emarg inula, 452. 



Embedding of fossils, 343. 



Encrinurus, 391. 



Encrinus, 450. 



Endoceras, 384, 393. 



Englacial drift, 114. 



Eocene epoch, 355, 497I"; series, 

 496. 



Eo/iyus, 505. 



Eozoic era, 355. 



Epeirogenic diastrophism, 301. 



Epigenetic drainage, 326. 



Epoch, geological, 354. 



Equisetaceae, Carboniferous, 420 ; Creta- 

 ceous, 485 ; Devonian, 400 ; Jurassic, 

 462 ; Mesozoic, 441 ; Palaeozoic, 367 ; 

 Triassic, 448, 449. 



Equisetum, 449. 



Equus Beds, 532. 



Era, geological, 354. 



Erosion, 71; atmospheric, 72; contem- 

 poraneous, 272*, glacial, no; lake, 

 120; marine, 116; river, 97 ; tidal, 119. 



Erosion thrust, 253 * 



Eruptive rocks, 189, 274^ 



Eryops, 435*. 



Escarpment, 314. 



Eskers, 312, 528. 



Essential minerals, 193. 



Estuaries, i8if, 306. 



Estuarine deposits, 181. 



Eucalyptocrimis , 390. 



Euechinoidea, 424, 441, 450. 



Eugeniacrinus, 464. 



Euomphalus, 401*, 402, 423*, 425. 



Europe, Algonkian of, 363 ; Archaean of, 

 360; Cambrian of, 370; Carboniferous 

 of, 416 ; Cretaceous of, 483 ; Devonian 

 of, 398 ; Eocene of, 500 ; Jurassic of, 

 460; Miocene of, 514; Oligocene of, 

 507 ; Ordovician of, 377, 378 ; Permian 

 of, 430 ; Pleistocene of, 535 ; Pleisto- 

 cene mammals of, 538 ; Pliocene of, 

 520; Silurian of, 388 ; Triassic of, 447. 



Eurylepis, 426. 



Eurynotus, 426. 



Eurypterida, 381, 39if, 402, 424. 



Eurypterus, 391, 402. 



Eutaw stage, 475. 



Exogyra, 465, 488. 



Facies, 388. 



Falkland Islands, Devonian, 399. 



False-bedding, 224. 



False Coal Measures, 411. 



Fan, alluvial, 137*, 138. 



Fan fold, 240. 



Fasciolaria, 521*. 



Fault, 63, 243f ; diminution of, 259 ; dip 

 of, 243. 



Fault block, 248, 337. 



Fault rock, 246. 



Fault scarp, 248*. 



Faulted inlier, 320 ; outlier, 320. 



Faults, compound, 247 ; cross, 248; dip, 

 246, 250, 251*; normal, 244*, 245* 

 reversed, 252*, 253* ; step, 248, 250* 

 strike, 246, 249*; thrust, 252* 253* 

 trough, 248. 



Fauna, 367 ; geographical, 348. 



Favistella, 380*. 



