57o 



INDEX 



Sig Maria, 42of, 432, 449. 



Silica, minerals composed of, 14. 



Silicates, minerals composed of, 16. 



Siliceous oozes, 214; rocks, 205. 



Silicification, 347. 



Sills, 280, 281. 



Silurian period, 355, 385^ 



Silver, 266. 



Simeto River, 98. 



Sinkholes, 89. 



Sinter, calcareous, 209 ; siliceous, 210. 



Sinupalliata, 452. 



Siphonostomata, 466. 



Siphuncle (of cephalopod shells), 3741*, 



403. 



Sivatherium, 522. 



Siwalik Hills, Pliocene of, 520. 



Skaptar Jokul, eruption of, 50. 



Slate, 289, 294f, 297 ; greywacke, 294 ; 

 weathering of, 76. 



Slaty cleavage, 261. 



Slickensides, 244. 



Slope (of fault) , 243. 



Sloths, fossil, 522, 523. 



Snakes, fossil, 491, 495, 503. 



Snake River, 56, 57*. 



Snicker's Gap, 328. 



Snow, 105. 



Snow-line, 104. 



Soapstone, 22. 



Soda granite, 198. 



Soda lakes, 152. 



Soil, i24f, 217-h depth of, 77; formation 

 of, 74, 76, 77*; preservation of fossils 

 in, 344- 



Sonora, earthquake of 1887, 63. 



South America, Archaean of, 360 ; Cam- 

 brian, 370 ; Carboniferous, 418 ; Cre- 

 taceous, 483 ; Devonian, 399 ; Jurassic, 

 460 ; Ordovician, 377 ; Permian, 437 ; 

 Pleistocene mammals of, 538 ; Silurian, 

 389 ; Tertiary, 522 ; Triassic, 447, 448. 



Southern Hemisphere, Permian of, 436 ; 

 Pleistocene of, 536. 



Spatangoids, 464. 



Spatter-cone, 44*. 



Specular iron, 24. 



Sperenberg, deep boring at, 152. 



Sperm-whales, fossil, 517. 



Sphagnum, 133, 135. 



Sphenophyllum, 423*. 



Sphenopteris, 432, 433*. 

 Spiders, fossil, 367, 424. 

 Spirifera, 392*, 393, 401*, 402, 419*, 423* 



425. 



Spiriferidce, 391. 



Spiriferina, 465. 



Spitzbergen, Carboniferous of, 417,421; 

 Devonian, 399 ; Jurassic, 461 ; Per- 

 mian, 431 ; Triassic, 448 ; work of 

 frost in, 83. 



Spongida, Cambrian, 371 ; Carbonifer- 

 ous, 421 ; Cretaceous, 487 ; Devonian, 

 400; Jurassic, 462; Ordovician, 379; 

 Silurian, 389. 



Spotted hyaena, fossil, 539. 



Springs, 92 ; chalybeate, 130 ; deposits 

 by, 127, 130; fissure, 93* ; hillside, 92*, 

 93; mineral, 95; thermal, 96. 



Spruces, fossil, 502. 



Squirrels, fossil, 509. 



Stage (stratigraphical), 354. 



Stalactite, i3if, 209. 



Stalagmite, 131. 



Star-fishes, Cambrian, 372; Devonian, 

 400; Jurassic, 464; Mesozoic, 442; 

 Ordovician, 381 ; Silurian, 390. 



Steatite, 22. 



Stegocephala, 427^ 435, 442, 453. 



Stegosaurus, 491. 



Step faults, 248, 250*. 



Stepha?wceras, 467. 



Stereognathus, a{]"$. 



Stigmaria, 420. 



Stomatopoda, 465. 



Stormbergen, 437. 



Strata, arrangement of, 220 ; dislocations 

 of, 243 ; displacements of, 230 ; hori- 

 zontal changes in, 221 ; lenticular, 223. 



Stratification, 136, 145, 2i9f, 223. 



Stratification planes, 146. 



Stratified drift, 528 ; rocks, 218. 



Stratum, defined, 219. 



Streams, adjustments of, 326 ; capture of, 

 326 ; consequent, 321 ; glacial, 109, 528 ; 

 longitudinal, 317; subsequent, 326; 

 transverse, 317. 



Streptelasma, 380. 



Stretch thrust, 253. 



Striae, glacial, in*, 113, 436, 527. 



Strike (of strata), 233. 



Strike faults, 246, 249*. 



