MEMOIR ON EMERY. 7 



which has been subsequently given to this emery in a commer- 

 cial point of view. Since the first discovery other localities 

 have been ascertained by me, all of which will be alluded to 

 in this memoir. 



LOCALITIES OF EMERY IN ASIA MINOR AND THE NEIGHBORING 



ISLANDS. 



Gwnuch-dagh. — In going from Ephesus east to G-ouzel- 

 Hissar (the ancient Tralles) we pass by the ruins of the ancient 

 city of Magnesia on the Miandre, and near to this latter is a 

 beautiful valley, celebrated for its figs, in which is situated the 

 village of Gumuch at the foot of a mountain bearing the same 

 name. It was here that the emery formation was first examined. 

 All the rocks of the surrounding country appear to belong 

 to the old series; the limestone is entirely devoid of fossils and 

 metamorphic in its character; it rests on the older schists, 

 of which mica-schist appears the most abundant, and this 

 again farther to the north was traced in contact with gneiss. 

 The limestone is of a light-blue, passing into a coarse-grained 

 marble, an& on the south side the rock by its decay leaves in 

 many places precipices of considerable elevation that add 

 much to the picturesque appearance of the region. 



The emery is found in different places in the Ghimuch 

 Mountain ; the place, however, to which it is traced in greatest 

 abundance is on a part of the summit about three miles from 

 the village of G-umuch, and some fifteen hundred or two 

 thousand feet above the level of the valley; it overlooks the 

 magnificent plain of the Miandre, whose curiously tortuous 

 course is seen as if traced on a map. The emery lies scattered 

 on the surface in the greatest profusion, in angular fragments 

 of a dark color, and large masses of several tons' weight are 

 seen projecting above the surface; in penetrating the soil the 

 emery is found imbedded in it, and a little farther down it is 

 come to in the rock. In fact, by breaking the marble that 

 projects above the surface at this sj>ot, we are sure to find 

 nodules of the mineral. 



Sometimes the emery forms almost a solid mass several 

 yards in length and breadth. One of these places, opened for 

 the purpose of exploring, is about ten or twelve yards square, 

 and all the rock taken out is emery; the spaces between the 



