84 MINERALS OF CHILE. 



LIGNITE. 



This variety of coal has been found in some little abundance 

 at Concepcion, and is worked to some extent. These lignites 

 ordinarily form but one seam that is thick enough to repay 

 exploration; it is often accompanied by a second thin seam 

 and one more irregular. It is seldom that the seams are found 

 more than six or nine feet above the level of the sea, and most 

 always dip to the west beneath the ocean. It has been found 

 on the shores of Concepcion, of Yaldivia, and on the shores 

 of the island of Chiloe. The mines that have been worked are 

 one near Penco, another near Lirquen, the mines of Talcahuana, 

 of Las Tierras Colorados, of Lota and of Lotilla; the two last 

 mines are considered those of most importance. 



M. Crosnier gives the analysis of several of these lignites 

 as follows : 



Lota. Lotilla. Penco. 



Coke 52.3 42.7 39.9 



Volatile matter 44.6 54.3 51.8 



Ash 3.1 3.0 8.3 



100.0 100.0 100.0 



The coke is light and porous; it is sufficiently solid when 

 well burnt. 



MINERAL WATERS. 



Five specimens of mineral waters were submitted to ex- 

 amination; but as there was only about one pint of each, the 

 analyses can not be considered as satisfactory as it is desirable 

 that they should be. 



No. 1. From the baths of Apoquindo, east of and about five 

 hundred feet above Santiago, in the first range of the Andes. 

 When the water was collected its temperature was 74°, the air 

 being 57°. The specific gravity of it is 1.00226. 



Solid contents in one litre 2.743 grammes, composed of 



Chloride of calcium 1.665 



Chloride of sodium 1.008 



Chloride of magnesium trace. 



Sulphate of lime 032 



Oxide of iron 018 



Organic matter trace. 



Silica 020 



